Ch 3 Vocab - Elements & The Periodic Table

Mrs. Schott (United States of America)
A way to review for a test on the structure of the periodic table.
31 words 277 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

words only definitions & notes
  1. atom
    the smallest component of an element
  2. nucleus
    the positively charged dense center of an atom
  3. proton
    a stable particle with positive charge
  4. neutron
    a subatomic particle with zero charge
  5. electron
    an elementary particle with negative charge
  6. atomic number
    quantity of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
    number of protons in an atom's nucleus
  7. isotope
    atom with same atomic number, different number of neutrons
  8. mass number
    the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus
  9. model
    a representation of something, often on a smaller scale
  10. atomic mass
    the property of an atom that causes it to have weight
    average mass of all the isotopes of that element
  11. periodic table
    arrangement of chemical elements according to atomic number
  12. metal
    a chemical element or alloy that is usually a shiny solid
  13. malleable
    capable of being shaped or bent
  14. ductile
    capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out
    characteristic of a metal - can be pulled or drawn out into a wire. Ex. Copper
  15. conductivity
    the property of transmitting heat, electricity, or sound
  16. reactivity
    ready susceptibility to chemical change
    ease or speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements or compounds
  17. corrosion
    deterioration in metals from oxidation or chemical action
  18. alkali metal
    any of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium)
  19. alkaline-earth metal
    any of the bivalent metals of group II of the periodic table
    each is fairly hard, gray-white and a good conductor of electricity. They lose 2 electrons!
    Ex) Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ma, Ra
  20. alloy
    a mixture containing two or more metallic elements
  21. particle accelerator
    a scientific instrument that increases the kinetic energy of charged particles
    a machine used to create heavier elements by moving nuclei at very high speeds.
  22. nonmetal
    not resembling shiny, malleable, conductive elements
    Most nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity and heat
  23. diatomic
    of or relating to a molecule made up of two atoms
  24. halogen
    any of five related nonmetallic elements (fluorine or chlorine or bromine or iodine or astatine) that are all monovalent and readily form negative ions
    gains or share 1 electron, group 17
    Ex) F, Cl, Br, I, At
    Bromine is a liquid
  25. noble gas
    any of the chemically inert gaseous elements of the helium group in the periodic table
    Group 18, 8 valence electrons, unreactive
  26. metalloid
    a nonmetallic element that has some of the properties of metal
    solid at room temp, brittle, hard and somewhat reactive
  27. semiconductor
    a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities
  28. plasma
    a fourth state of matter distinct from solid, liquid or gas
    gas-like mixture of electrons and atoms stripped of electrons
  29. nuclear fusion
    a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy
  30. nebula
    an immense cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space
  31. supernova
    a star that explodes and becomes luminous in the process
    creates the heaviest elements (after iron)
Created on Mon Oct 21 14:16:46 EDT 2013 (updated Mon Oct 21 14:26:41 EDT 2013)

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