Genome Word List

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Full list of words from this list:

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  1. dominant allele
    an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different
    The Nature of Alleles

    A dominant allele is an allele that is almost always expressed, even if only one copy is present.
  2. diploid
    an organism or cell having the normal amount of DNA per cell
    The term diploid describes a state in which a cell has two sets of homologous chromosomes, or two chromosomes that are the same.
  3. coding DNA
    sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures
    Another class of non-coding DNA is the "pseudogene", so named because it is believed to be a remnant of a real gene that has suffered mutations and is no longer functional.
  4. eukaryotic
    having cells with `good' or membrane-bound nuclei
    This theory is also supported by the existence of a eukaryotic organism, called the amoeba, which lacks mitochondria.
  5. nuclear RNA
    ribonucleic acid found in the nucleolus of the cell
    Ribonucleic Acids
    In addition to mRNA, DNA codes for other forms of RNA, including ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). rRNAs and tRNAs participate in protein assembly whereas snRNAs aid in a process called splicing -the process of editing of mRNA before it can be used as a template for protein synthesis.
  6. ribose
    a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid
    However, the ribose sugar component of RNA is slightly different chemically than that of DNA. RNA has a 2' oxygen atom that is not present in DNA. Other fundamental structural differences exist.
  7. genotypic
    of or relating to or constituting a genotype
    These expressed, or phenotypic, traits are attributable to genotypic variation in a person's DNA sequence.
  8. pyrimidine
    a heterocyclic organic compound with a penetrating odor
    A DNA chain is made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G), which are called purines, and cytosine (C) and thymine (T), referred to as pyrimidines.
  9. prokaryote
    a unicellular organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus
    The location and base sequence of each promoter site vary for prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (higher organisms), but they are both recognized by RNA polymerase, which can then grab hold of the sequence and drive the production of an mRNA.
  10. phenotype
    observable characteristics produced by genes and environment
    When two individuals display different phenotypes of the same trait, they are said to have two different alleles for the same gene.
  11. eukaryote
    an organism of one or more cells with membrane-bound nuclei
    The location and base sequence of each promoter site vary for prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (higher organisms), but they are both recognized by RNA polymerase, which can then grab hold of the sequence and drive the production of an mRNA.
  12. gamete
    a mature sexual reproductive cell
    This is because mitochondria are only found in the female gametes or "eggs" of sexually reproducing animals, not in the male gamete, or sperm.
Created on Wed Mar 03 17:31:25 EST 2010

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