a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival
These events after cerebral
ischemia injury finally cause neuronal cell death like apoptosis,
necrosis, necroptosis and autophagy [4,5].
In the past several
decades, pathophysiological process of cerebral ischemia injury
was well advanced, however, only intravenous recombinant tissue
plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy has been approved so far by
the United States Food and Drug Administration for acute
ischemic stroke.
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) usually causes
substantial decreases in local cerebral blood flow, thus reducing
perfusion pressure and blood oxygen content, and resulting in an
interdependent series of neurotoxic events, including glutamate
excitotoxicity, Ca 2 +
overload, oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO)
production and inflammation [2,3].