Biology Vocab.

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  1. organelle
    a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ
    LessonPlanet.com/Cell-Parts

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    Contract Protein Expression Service Mammalian/E.coli/Yeast/Insect
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    •Cell
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  2. prokaryotic
    having cells that lack membrane-bound nuclei
    The Cell-Cell Structure
    Eukaryotic Cells and Prokaryotic Cells
    By Regina Bailey, About.com Guide
    .See
  3. eukaryote
    an organism of one or more cells with membrane-bound nuclei
    Eukaryotes include animals, plants, fungi and protists.
  4. eukaryotic
    having cells with `good' or membrane-bound nuclei
    The Cell-Cell Structure
    Eukaryotic Cells and Prokaryotic Cells
    By Regina Bailey, About.com Guide
    .See
  5. mitochondrion
    part of a cell involved in energy production
    In eukaryotes, most cellular respiration reactions take place within the mitochondria.
  6. meiosis
    cell division that produces reproductive cells
    In organisms that also reproduce sexually, the reproductive cells are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis.
  7. lysosome
    a membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes
    Cell Structure Comparison
    Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure
    Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell Typical Animal Eukaryotic Cell
    Cell Membrane Yes Yes
    Cell Wall Yes No
    Centrioles No Yes
    Chromosomes One long DNA strand Many
    Cilia or Flagella Yes, simple Yes, complex
    Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes (some exceptions)
    Golgi Complex No Yes
    Lysosomes No Common
    Mitochondria No Yes
    Nucleus No Yes
    Peroxisomes No Common
    Ribosomes Yes Yes


    The Cell
    •10 Facts Abou...
  8. ribosome
    a particle in a cell that helps synthesize proteins
    Cell Structure Comparison
    Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure
    Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell Typical Animal Eukaryotic Cell
    Cell Membrane Yes Yes
    Cell Wall Yes No
    Centrioles No Yes
    Chromosomes One long DNA strand Many
    Cilia or Flagella Yes, simple Yes, complex
    Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes (some exceptions)
    Golgi Complex No Yes
    Lysosomes No Common
    Mitochondria No Yes
    Nucleus No Yes
    Peroxisomes No Common
    Ribosomes Yes Yes


    The Cell
    •10 Facts Abou...
  9. cilium
    a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell
    Cell Structure Comparison
    Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure
    Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell Typical Animal Eukaryotic Cell
    Cell Membrane Yes Yes
    Cell Wall Yes No
    Centrioles No Yes
    Chromosomes One long DNA strand Many
    Cilia or Flagella Yes, simple Yes, complex
    Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes (some exceptions)
    Golgi Complex No Yes
    Lysosomes No Common
    Mitochondria No Yes
    Nucleus No Yes
    Peroxisomes No Common
    Ribosomes Yes Yes


    The Cell
    •10 Facts Abou...
  10. cytoplasm
    the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus
    In prokaryotes, they occur in the cytoplasm and/or within the cell membrane.
  11. cell wall
    a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing a plant membrane
    Cell Structure Comparison
    Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure
    Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell Typical Animal Eukaryotic Cell
    Cell Membrane Yes Yes
    Cell Wall Yes No
    Centrioles No Yes
    Chromosomes One long DNA strand Many
    Cilia or Flagella Yes, simple Yes, complex
    Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes (some exceptions)
    Golgi Complex No Yes
    Lysosomes No Common
    Mitochondria No Yes
    Nucleus No Yes
    Peroxisomes No Common
    Ribosomes Yes Yes


    The Cell
    •10 Facts Abou...
  12. flagellum
    a lash-like appendage used for locomotion
    Cell Structure Comparison
    Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure
    Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell Typical Animal Eukaryotic Cell
    Cell Membrane Yes Yes
    Cell Wall Yes No
    Centrioles No Yes
    Chromosomes One long DNA strand Many
    Cilia or Flagella Yes, simple Yes, complex
    Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes (some exceptions)
    Golgi Complex No Yes
    Lysosomes No Common
    Mitochondria No Yes
    Nucleus No Yes
    Peroxisomes No Common
    Ribosomes Yes Yes


    The Cell
    •10 Facts Abou...
  13. unicellular
    having a single basic functional unit, of an organism
    From the unicellular bacteria to multicellular animals, the cell is one of the basic organizational principles of biology.
  14. DNA
    material that carries genetic information in a cell
    The nucleus, which houses DNA, is contained within a membrane and separated from other cellular structures.
  15. chromosome
    a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes
    Cell Structure Comparison
    Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure
    Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell Typical Animal Eukaryotic Cell
    Cell Membrane Yes Yes
    Cell Wall Yes No
    Centrioles No Yes
    Chromosomes One long DNA strand Many
    Cilia or Flagella Yes, simple Yes, complex
    Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes (some exceptions)
    Golgi Complex No Yes
    Lysosomes No Common
    Mitochondria No Yes
    Nucleus No Yes
    Peroxisomes No Common
    Ribosomes Yes Yes


    The Cell
    •10 Facts Abou...
  16. nucleus
    a part of the cell responsible for growth and reproduction
    Eukaryotic cells are called so because they have a true nucleus.
  17. respiration
    a single complete act of breathing in and out
    Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms get the energy they need to grow and maintain normal cellular function through cellular respiration.
  18. replicate
    reproduce or make an exact copy of
    During binary fission, the single DNA molecule replicates and the original cell is divided into two identical daughter cells.
  19. membrane
    a sheet of tissue that lines or connects organs or cells
    The nucleus, which houses DNA, is contained within a membrane and separated from other cellular structures.
  20. organism
    a living thing that can act or function independently
    Yet for all of its majesty, all organisms are composed of the fundamental unit of life, the cell.
  21. reproduce
    make a copy or equivalent of
    Eukaryotes grow and reproduce through a process called mitosis.
  22. structure
    a complex entity made of many parts
    The Cell-Cell Structure
    Eukaryotic Cells and Prokaryotic Cells
    By Regina Bailey, About.com Guide
    .See
  23. molecule
    the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
    During binary fission, the single DNA molecule replicates and the original cell is divided into two identical daughter cells.
  24. fungus
    a spore-producing organism that lacks chlorophyll
    Eukaryotes include animals, plants, fungi and protists.
  25. reproductive
    producing new life or offspring
    In organisms that also reproduce sexually, the reproductive cells are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis.
  26. strand
    a group of fibers twisted together to form a thread or rope
    Cell Structure Comparison
    Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure
    Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell Typical Animal Eukaryotic Cell
    Cell Membrane Yes Yes
    Cell Wall Yes No
    Centrioles No Yes
    Chromosomes One long DNA strand Many
    Cilia or Flagella Yes, simple Yes, complex
    Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes (some exceptions)
    Golgi Complex No Yes
    Lysosomes No Common
    Mitochondria No Yes
    Nucleus No Yes
    Peroxisomes No Common
    Ribosomes Yes Yes


    The Cell
    •10 Facts Abou...
Created on Wed Oct 05 18:14:03 EDT 2011

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