types:
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amaurosis
partial or total loss of sight without pathology of the eye; caused by disease of optic nerve or retina or brain
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amblyopia
visual impairment without apparent organic pathology
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ametropia
(ophthalmology) faulty refraction of light rays in the eye as in astigmatism or myopia
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aniseikonia
visual defect in which the shape and size of an ocular image differ in the two eyes
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anorthopia
distorted vision in which straight lines appear curved
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aphakia
absence of the natural lens of the eye (usually resulting from the removal of cataracts)
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blindness, cecity, sightlessness
the state of being blind or lacking sight
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color blindness, color vision deficiency, colour blindness, colour vision deficiency
genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
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diplopia, double vision
visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects
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day blindness, hemeralopia
inability to see clearly in bright light
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hemianopia, hemianopsia
blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes
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quadrantanopia
blindness in one fourth of the visual field
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metamorphopsia
a defect of vision in which objects appear to be distorted; usually due to a defect in the retina
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moon blindness, night blindness, nyctalopia
inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
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photoretinitis
damage to the retina resulting from exposure of the eye to the sun without adequate protection
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detached retina, detachment of the retina, retinal detachment
visual impairment resulting from the retina becoming separated from the choroid in the back of the eye; treated by photocoagulation
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scotoma
an isolated area of diminished vision within the visual field
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tunnel vision
visual impairment involving a loss of peripheral vision
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xanthopsia
visual defect in which objects appear to have a yellowish hue; sometimes occurs in cases of jaundice
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legal blindness
vision that is 20/200 or worse in both eyes (20/200 vision is the ability to see at 20 feet what a normal eye can see at 200 feet)
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dichromacy, dichromasy, dichromatism, dichromatopsia, dichromia
a deficiency of color vision in which the person can match any given hue by mixing only two other wavelengths of light (as opposed to the three wavelengths needed by people with normal color vision)
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monochromacy, monochromasy, monochromatic vision, monochromatism, monochromia
complete color blindness; colors can be differentiated only on the basis of brightness
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myopia, nearsightedness, shortsightedness
(ophthalmology) eyesight abnormality resulting from the eye's faulty refractive ability; distant objects appear blurred
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astigmatism, astigmia
(ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea; common in nearsighted people
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anopia
sightlessness (especially because of a structural defect in or the absence of an eye)
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farsightedness, hypermetropia, hypermetropy, hyperopia, longsightedness
abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects
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snow-blindness, snowblindness
temporary blindness caused by exposure to sunlight reflected from snow or ice
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annular scotoma
a circular scotoma surrounding the center of the field of vision
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central scotoma
a scotoma that involves the fixation point
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hemianopic scotoma
a scotoma involving half of the visual field
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paracentral scotoma
a scotoma that is adjacent to the fixation point
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flittering scotoma, scintillating scotoma
a localized area of diminished vision edged by shimmering colored lights; in many people it indicates the onset of migraine
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eyelessness
blindness due to loss of the eyes
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figural blindness
inability to see shapes and contours