types:
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stub
a short piece remaining on a trunk or stem where a branch is lost
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button
any of various plant parts that resemble buttons
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thallus
a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes
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cap, pileus
a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella or a cone that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom
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calyptra
the hood or cap covering the calyx of certain plants: e.g., the California poppy
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volva
cuplike structure around the base of the stalk of certain fungi
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domatium
a part of a plant (e.g., a leaf) that has been modified to provide protection for insects or mites or fungi
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pycnidium
flask-shaped asexual structure containing conidia
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stipule
a small leafy outgrowth at the base of a leaf or its stalk; usually occurring in pairs and soon shed
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tepal
an undifferentiated part of a perianth that cannot be distinguished as a sepal or a petal (as in lilies and tulips)
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gynostegium
the crown of the stamen in plants of the genus Asclepias
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chalaza
basal part of a plant ovule opposite the micropyle; where integument and nucellus are joined
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nucellus
central part of a plant ovule; contains the embryo sac
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germ tube
(botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a spore in germination
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pollen tube
(botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma for a flower; it penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule
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mentum
a projection like a chin formed by the sepals and base of the column in some orchids
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corona
(botany) the trumpet-shaped or cup-shaped outgrowth of the corolla of a daffodil or narcissus flower
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lip
(botany) either of the two parts of a bilabiate corolla or calyx
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mycelium
the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae
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plant organ
a functional and structural unit of a plant or fungus
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aril
fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelopes the seed
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duct
a continuous tube formed by a row of elongated cells lacking intervening end walls
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veil, velum
a membranous covering attached to the immature fruiting body of certain mushrooms
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annulus, skirt
(Fungi) a remnant of the partial veil that in mature mushrooms surrounds the stem like a collar
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plant tissue
the tissue of a plant
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tendril
slender stem-like structure by which some twining plants attach themselves to an object for support
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stump, tree stump
the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled
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prophyll
a plant structure resembling a leaf
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stock
a plant or stem onto which a graft is made; especially a plant grown specifically to provide the root part of grafted plants
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receptacle
enlarged tip of a stem that bears the floral parts
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kernel, meat
the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone
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lobe
(botany) a part into which a leaf is divided
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ligule
(botany) any appendage to a plant that is shaped like a strap
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interstitial tissue
tissue between the cells of a structure or part in plant or animal
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fibrous tissue
tissue consisting of or containing fibers in both animals and plants
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cortex
the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal
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medulla
the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal
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crustose thallus
thin crusty lichen thallus; adheres closely to or is embedded in the surface on which it grows
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reproductive structure
the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction
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gynobase
the enlarged receptacle in which the pistil is borne
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septum
a partition or wall especially in an ovary
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honey gland, nectary
a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar
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perisperm
the nutritive tissue outside the sac containing the embryo in some seeds
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archegonium
a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms
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calyx tube, floral cup, hypanthium
the cuplike or ringlike or tubular structure of a flower which bears the sepals and stamens and calyx (as in Rosaceae)
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chlamys, floral envelope, perianth, perigone, perigonium
collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamens and pistils
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magic mushroom, mescal button, sacred mushroom
the button-shaped top of the mescal cactus; a source of psilocybin
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cup
cup-shaped plant organ
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stroma
the dense colorless framework of a chloroplast
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stroma
a mass of fungal tissue that has spore-bearing structures embedded in it or on it
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hypobasidium
special cell constituting the base of the basidium in various fungi especially of the order Tremellales
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galea
an organ shaped like a helmet; usually a vaulted and enlarged petal as in Aconitum
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gill, lamella
any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus
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sclerotium
compact usually dark-colored mass of hardened mycelium constituting a vegetative food-storage body in various true fungi; detaches when mature and can give rise to new growth
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fruiting body
an organ specialized for producing spores
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laticifer
a plant duct containing latex
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universal veil
membrane initially completely investing the young sporophore of various mushrooms that is ruptured by growth; represented in the mature mushroom by a volva around lower part of stem and scales on upper surface of the cap
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partial veil
membrane of the young sporophore of various mushrooms extending from the margin of the cap to the stem and is ruptured by growth; represented in mature mushroom by an annulus around the stem and sometimes a cortina on the margin of the cap
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flesh, pulp
a soft moist part of a fruit
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pith
soft spongelike central cylinder of the stems of most flowering plants
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parenchyma
the primary tissue of higher plants composed of thin-walled cells that remain capable of cell division even when mature; constitutes the greater part of leaves, roots, the pulp of fruits, and the pith of stems
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lignum
woody tissue
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vascular tissue
tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants
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pseudophloem
false phloem
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gall
abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury
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cirrhus, cirrus
usually coiled
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stool
(forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings
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root
(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground
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root cap
thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root
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root hair
thin hairlike outgrowth of an epidermal cell just behind the tip; absorbs nutrients from the soil
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rootstock
root or part of a root used for plant propagation; especially that part of a grafted plant that supplies the roots
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offset, runner, stolon
a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips
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stalk, stem
a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
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meristem
undifferentiated tissue from which new cells are formed, as at the tip of a stem or root
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capitulum, head
a dense cluster of flowers or foliage
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foliage, leaf, leafage
the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants
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sprout
any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud