types:
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bar line
a vertical line before the accented beat marking the boundary between musical bars
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tablature
a musical notation indicating the fingering to be used
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musical scale, scale
(music) a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave)
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interval, musical interval
the difference in pitch between two notes
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staff, stave
(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written
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clef
a musical notation written on a staff indicating the pitch of the notes following it
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key signature, signature
the sharps or flats that follow the clef and indicate the key
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key, tonality
any of 24 major or minor diatonic scales that provide the tonal framework for a piece of music
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atonalism, atonality
the absence of a key; alternative to the diatonic system
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musical time signature, time signature
a musical notation indicating the number of beats to a measure and kind of note that takes a beat
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bar, measure
musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats
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rest
a musical notation indicating a silence of a specified duration
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musical note, note, tone
a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound
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slur
(music) a curved line spanning notes that are to be played legato
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sharp
a musical notation indicating one half step higher than the note named
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flat
a musical notation indicating one half step lower than the note named
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cancel, natural
a notation cancelling a previous sharp or flat
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accidental
a musical notation that makes a note sharp or flat or natural although that is not part of the key signature
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fermata
a musical notation (over a note or chord or rest) that indicates it is to be prolonged by an unspecified amount
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solmisation, solmization
a system of naming the notes of a musical scale by syllables instead of letters
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segno
(music) a notation written at the beginning or end of a passage that is to be repeated
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sforzando
(music) a notation written above a note and indicating that it is to be played with a strong initial attack
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gamut
the entire scale of musical notes
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keynote, tonic
(music) the first note of a diatonic scale
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supertonic
(music) the second note of a diatonic scale
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mediant
(music) the third note of a diatonic scale; midway between the tonic and the dominant
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subdominant
(music) the fourth note of the diatonic scale
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dominant
(music) the fifth note of the diatonic scale
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submediant
(music) the sixth note of a major or minor scale (or the third below the tonic)
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leading tone, subtonic
(music) the seventh note of the diatonic scale
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pedal, pedal point
a sustained bass note
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step, tone, whole step, whole tone
a musical interval of two semitones
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half step, semitone
the musical interval between adjacent keys on a keyboard instrument
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quarter tone, quarter-tone
half of a semitone
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musical octave, octave
a musical interval of eight tones
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third
the musical interval between one note and another three notes away from it
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fourth
the musical interval between one note and another four notes away from it
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fifth
the musical interval between one note and another five notes away from it
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sixth
the musical interval between one note and another six notes away from it
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seventh
the musical interval between one note and another seven notes away from it
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shake, trill
a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it
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diatonic scale
a scale with eight notes in an octave; all but two are separated by whole tones
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chromatic scale
a 12-note scale including all the semitones of the octave
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gapped scale
a musical scale with fewer than seven notes
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G clef, treble clef, treble staff
a clef that puts the G above middle C on the second line of a staff
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F clef, bass clef
a clef that puts the F below middle C on the fourth line of a staff
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alto clef, viola clef
a clef that puts middle C on the third line of a staff
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C clef
a movable clef that puts middle C on one of the lines of a staff
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soprano clef
a clef that puts middle C on the bottom line of the staff
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tenor clef
a clef that puts middle C on the fourth line of the staff; used for writing music for bassoons or cellos or tenor horns
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major key, major mode
a key whose harmony is based on the major scale
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minor key, minor mode
a key based on the minor scale
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home key, tonic key
the basic key in which a piece of music is written
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double bar
notation marking the end of principal parts of a musical composition; two adjacent bar lines
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alla breve
a musical time signature indicating two or four half notes to a measure
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tie
(music) a curved line over two notes of the same pitch; indicates that the note is to be sustained for their combined time value
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double sharp
a musical notation of two sharps in front of a note indicating that it is to be raised by two semitones
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double flat
a musical notation of two flats in front of a note indicating that it is to be lowered by two semitones
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solfa, tonic solfa
a system of solmization using the solfa syllables: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti
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middle C
the note designated by the first ledger line below the treble staff; 261.63 hertz
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chord
a combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously when sounded together
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passing note, passing tone
a nonharmonic note inserted for transition between harmonic notes
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semibreve, whole note
a musical note having the longest time value (equal to four beats in common time)
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whole rest
a musical rest equal in duration to four beats in common time
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half note, minim
a musical note having the time value of half a whole note
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half rest
a musical rest having the time value of half a whole rest or equal in duration to two beats in common time
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crotchet, quarter note
a musical note having the time value of a quarter of a whole note
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quarter rest
a musical rest having one-fourth the time value of a whole rest
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eighth note, quaver
a musical note having the time value of an eighth of a whole note
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semiquaver, sixteenth note
a musical note having the time value of a sixteenth of a whole note
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demisemiquaver, thirty-second note
a musical note having the time value of a thirty-second of a whole note
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hemidemisemiquaver, sixty-fourth note
a musical note having the time value of a sixty-fourth of a whole note
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acciaccatura, appoggiatura, grace note
an embellishing note usually written in smaller size
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blue note
a flattened third or seventh
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monotone
a single tone repeated with different words or different rhythms (especially in rendering liturgical texts)