examples:
piramide
a massive monument with a square base and four triangular sides; begun by Cheops around 2700 BC as royal tombs in ancient Egypt
centauro
a conspicuous constellation in the southern hemisphere near the Southern Cross
sole
the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system
Harvard
a university in Massachusetts
Giove
the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky
Marte
a small reddish planet that is the 4th from the sun and is periodically visible to the naked eye; minerals rich in iron cover its surface and are responsible for its characteristic color
Mercurio
the smallest planet and the nearest to the sun
Nettuno
a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 8th planet from the sun is the most remote of the gas giants
Plutone
a small planet and the farthest known planet from the sun; it has the most elliptical orbit of all the planets
Saturno
a giant planet that is surrounded by three planar concentric rings of ice particles; the 6th planet from the sun
Urano
a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 7th planet from the sun has a blue-green color and many satellites
Venere
the second nearest planet to the sun; it is peculiar in that its rotation is slow and retrograde (in the opposite sense of the Earth and all other planets except Uranus); it is visible from Earth as an early `morning star' or an `evening star'
Leonardo da Vinci
Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect; the most versatile genius of the Italian Renaissance (1452-1519)
arca
(Judaism) sacred chest where the ancient Hebrews kept the two tablets containing the Ten Commandments
adamo
(Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race
Cristoforo Colombo
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
John Dalton
English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures; gave the first description of red-green color blindness (1766-1844)
Renato Cartesio
French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)
Albert Einstein
physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955)
Adolf Hitler
German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
Gottlieb Wilhelm Leibniz
German philosopher and mathematician who thought of the universe as consisting of independent monads and who devised a system of the calculus independent of Newton (1646-1716)
Maria
the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics
Michelangelo
Florentine sculptor and painter and architect; one of the outstanding figures of the Renaissance (1475-1564)
Maometto
the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632)
Mosè
(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai
Blaise Pascal
French mathematician and philosopher and Jansenist; invented an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability (1623-1662)
Pitagora
Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem; considered to be the first true mathematician (circa 580-500 BC)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)
Zarathustra
Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (circa 628-551 BC)
messia
the awaited king of the Jews; the promised and expected deliverer of the Jewish people
Aristotele
one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)
Gaio Giulio Cesare Ottaviano
Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)
Confucio
Chinese philosopher whose ideas and sayings were collected after his death and became the basis of a philosophical doctrine known a Confucianism (circa 551-478 BC)
Charles Robert Darwin
English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
Epicuro
Greek philosopher who believed that the world is a random combination of atoms and that pleasure is the highest good (341-270 BC)
Erasmo da Rotterdam
Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)
Henrik Ibsen
realistic Norwegian author who wrote plays on social and political themes (1828-1906)
Immanuel Kant
influential German idealist philosopher (1724-1804)
Malthus Thomas Robert
English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)
Carl von Linné
Swedish botanist who proposed the modern system of biological nomenclature (1707-1778)
John Locke
English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
Niccolò Machiavelli
a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)
Thomas Robert Malthus
an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834)
Gregor Mendel
Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
Platone
ancient Athenian philosopher; pupil of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle (428-347 BC)
Claudio Tolomeo
Alexandrian astronomer (of the 2nd century) who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until the late Renaissance
William Shakespeare
English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)
Socrate
ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC)
Emile Zola
French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)
J. V. Dzugasvili
Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)
Richard Wagner
German composer of operas and inventor of the musical drama in which drama and spectacle and music are fused (1813-1883)
Elisabetta I
Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded Mary I (who was a Catholic) and restored Protestantism to England; during her reign Mary Queen of Scots was executed and the Spanish Armada was defeated; her reign was marked by prosperity and literary genius (1533-1603)
Roosevelt Theodore
26th President of the United States; hero of the Spanish-American War; Panama Canal was built during his administration
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II (1882-1945)
Sigmund Freud
Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939)
types:
vita
living things collectively
cellula
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
genere
one of a class of artifacts
bozzolo
silky envelope spun by the larvae of many insects to protect pupas and by spiders to protect eggs
blocco
a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides)
involucro,
ricopertura
an artifact that covers something else (usually to protect or shelter or conceal it)
creazione
an artifact that has been brought into existence by someone
comparsa
something additional of the same kind
stoffa,
tessuto
artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers
servizio
a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry
inserto
an artifact that is inserted or is to be inserted
imbottitura,
soppanno
artifact consisting of soft or resilient material used to fill or give shape or protect or add comfort
lastra
a flat artifact that is thin relative to its length and width
passaggio,
strada,
via
any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another
corpo,
organismo
the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)
corpo
an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects
involucro
a natural object that covers or envelops
meccanica
a natural object resembling a machine in structure or function
nido
a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young
andirivieni,
bosco,
garbuglio,
groviglio,
intrecciatura,
intreccio,
intrico,
labirinto,
meandro,
nodo,
tortuosità,
viluppo
a twisted and tangled mass that is highly interwoven