Definitions of igneous rock
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rock formed by the solidification of molten magma
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types:
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andesite
a dark grey volcanic rock
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aplite
light-colored and fine-grained granitic rock consisting chiefly of quartz and feldspars
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groundmass
(geology) the matrix of fine-grained crystalline material in which larger crystals are embedded
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adesite
dark greyish extrusive rock
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batholite, batholith, pluton, plutonic rock
large mass of intrusive igneous rock believed to have solidified deep within the earth
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diorite
a granular crystalline intrusive rock
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gabbro
one of a family of granular intrusive rocks
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pegmatite
a form of igneous rock consisting of extremely coarse granite resulting from the crystallization of magma rich in rare elements
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peridotite
a dark coarse-grained igneous rock consisting principally of olivine
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rhyolite
very acid volcanic rock
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volcanic rock
extrusive igneous rock solidified near or on the surface of the Earth
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porphyritic rock, porphyry
any igneous rock with crystals embedded in a finer groundmass of minerals
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agglomerate
volcanic rock consisting of large fragments fused together
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amygdaloid
volcanic rock in which rounded cavities formed by expanding gas have subsequently become filled with mineral deposits
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dacite
a grey volcanic rock containing plagioclase and quartz and other crystalline minerals
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basalt
the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark grey fine-grained igneous rock that is composed chiefly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene
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volcanic glass
a kind of natural glass produced when molten lava cools very rapidly
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granite
plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz
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lava
rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface
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tufa, tuff
hard volcanic rock composed of compacted volcanic ash
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kimberlite
a rare type of peridotite that sometimes contains diamonds; found in South Africa and Siberia
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