types:
cabochon
a highly polished gem that is cut convexly but without facets
transparent gem
a gemstone having the property of transmitting light without serious diffusion
chrysoberyl
a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone
garnet
any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive
opal
a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones
amethyst
a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone
aquamarine
a transparent, light blue or bluish-green variety of the mineral beryl, used as a gemstone
cat's eye
any of various gems (as chrysoberyl or chalcedony) that reflect light when cut in a rounded shape
chrysolite
a brown or yellow-green olivine found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a gemstone
chrysoprase
a green variety of chalcedony valued as a gemstone
citrine
semiprecious yellow quartz resembling topaz
coral,
precious coral,
red coral
the hard stony skeleton of a Mediterranean coral that has a delicate red or pink color and is used for jewelry
emerald
a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone
jade,
jadestone
a semiprecious gemstone that takes a high polish; is usually green but sometimes whitish; consists of jadeite or nephrite
jasper
an opaque form of quartz; red or yellow or brown or dark green in color; used for ornamentation or as a gemstone
kunzite
a pinkish lilac crystal form of the mineral spodumene that is used as a gemstone
moonstone
a transparent or translucent gemstone with a pearly luster; some specimens are orthoclase feldspar and others are plagioclase feldspar
morganite
a kind of pink beryl used as a gemstone
peridot
a pale green variety of chrysolite; used as a gemstone
ruby
a transparent deep red variety of corundum; used as a gemstone and in lasers
sapphire
a precious transparent stone of corundum, typically a rich blue, valued as a gemstone
hiddenite
a green transparent form of the mineral spodumene used as a gemstone
topaz
a mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone
tourmaline
a mineral that is a complex borosilicate and hydroxide of aluminum containing iron and magnesium and calcium and lithium and sodium; it is usually black but occurs in transparent colored forms that are used as gemstones
turquoise
a blue to grayish-green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate