SKIP TO CONTENT

The Prince and The Pauper: Chapters 15-21

A young prince and a poor commoner look almost exactly alike, so they decide to switch places to discover how the other lives. Read the full text here.

Here are links to our lists for the novel: Chapters 1-7, Chapters 8-14, Chapters 15-21, Chapters 22-30, Chapter 31-Notes

Here are links to our lists for other works by Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Life on the Mississippi, A Story Without an End, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County
35 words 222 learners

Learn words with Flashcards and other activities

Full list of words from this list:

  1. ceremonious
    characterized by pomp and stately display
    Even the two hours devoted to certain princely pastimes and recreations were rather a burden to him than otherwise, they were so fettered by restrictions and ceremonious observances.
  2. dignity
    the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect
    A messenger returned, to report that the crowd were following a man, a woman, and a young girl to execution for crimes committed against the peace and dignity of the realm.
  3. scaffold
    a platform from which criminals are executed
    he never thought of the offended laws, or of the grief or loss which these three criminals had inflicted upon their victims; he could think of nothing but the scaffold and the grisly fate hanging over the heads of the condemned.
  4. suppress
    control and refrain from showing
    Then he blushed scarlet, and a sort of apology sprung to his lips; but observing that his order had wrought no sort of surprise in the Earl or the waiting page, he suppressed the words he was about to utter.
  5. compensate
    make up for shortcomings by exaggerating good qualities
    Tom experienced a glow of pride and a renewed sense of the compensating advantages of the kingly office.
    "Compensate" also means "make payment to"--the idea of having money and being able to spend it is suggested, but the focus of the example sentence is on Tom's realization that the compensation for the restrictions and ceremonies he has to face as a king is the ability to have his commands quickly carried out.
  6. hindrance
    something immaterial that interferes with action or progress
    He said to himself, "Truly it is like what I was used to feel when I read the old priest's tales, and did imagine mine own self a prince, giving law and command to all, saying 'Do this, do that,' whilst none durst offer let or hindrance to my will."
  7. culprit
    someone or something responsible for harm or wrongdoing
    In a little while the measured tread of military men was heard approaching, and the culprits entered the presence in charge of an under-sheriff and escorted by a detail of the king's guard.
  8. sovereignty
    royal authority
    Just then the man glanced quickly up and quickly dropped his face again, not being able to endure the awful port of sovereignty
  9. beseech
    ask for or request earnestly
    "I beseech your good lordship that order be taken to change this law--oh, let no more poor creatures be visited with its tortures."
  10. expediency
    the quality of being suited to the end in view
    It was not admiration of the decree that had been delivered by Tom, for the propriety or expediency of pardoning a convicted poisoner was a thing which few there would have felt justified in either admitting or admiring--no, the admiration was for the intelligence and spirit which Tom had displayed.
  11. imperious
    having or showing arrogant superiority
    "How sanely he put his questions--how like his former natural self was this abrupt imperious disposal of the matter!"
    The given definition has a negative tone, but the example sentence uses the adjective to describe Tom's attitude in a positive way that connects to the outdated definition of "regal, majestic, displaying supreme authority."
  12. providence
    a manifestation of God's foresightful care for his creatures
    The elderly heads nodded recognition of Tom's wisdom once more, and one individual murmured, "An' the King be mad himself, according to report, then is it a madness of a sort that would improve the sanity of some I wot of, if by the gentle providence of God they could but catch it."
  13. covenant
    a signed written agreement between two or more parties
    "By the law of England may a child enter into covenant and sell itself, my lord?" asked Tom, turning to a learned judge.
  14. callow
    young and inexperienced
    The law doth not permit a child to make or meddle in any weighty matter, good my liege, holding that its callow wit unfitteth it to cope with the riper wit and evil schemings of them that are its elders.
  15. contrived
    showing effects of planning or manipulation
    "It seemeth a rude unchristian thing, and ill contrived, that English law denieth privileges to Englishmen to waste them on the devil!" cried Tom, with honest heat.
    "Contrived" also means "artificially formal"--this is a criticism that Tom could direct at many practices of the royal court. It could also be a criticism that readers could direct at the 19th century American writer who tries to mimic 16th century English by conjugating verbs with -eth and using pronouns such as "thee," "thou," "thy" and "thine."
  16. impetuous
    characterized by undue haste and lack of thought
    Tom turned to the woman, and said with impetuous zeal--"Exert thy power--I would see a storm!"
  17. cataclysm
    a sudden violent change in the earth's surface
    There was a sudden paling of cheeks in the superstitious assemblage, and a general, though unexpressed, desire to get out of the place--all of which was lost upon Tom, who was dead to everything but the proposed cataclysm.
  18. malice
    the quality of threatening evil
    Make a storm--it mattereth not how small a one--I require nought great or harmful, but indeed prefer the opposite--do this and thy life is spared--thou shalt go out free, with thy child, bearing the King's pardon, and safe from hurt or malice from any in the realm.
  19. veneration
    a feeling of profound respect for someone or something
    A gentleman enters the room bearing a rod, and along with him another bearing a tablecloth, which, after they have both kneeled three times with the utmost veneration, he spreads upon the table, and after kneeling again they both retire
  20. scepter
    a ceremonial or emblematic staff
    First come Gentlemen, Barons, Earls, Knights of the Garter, all richly dressed and bareheaded; next comes the Chancellor, between two, one of which carries the royal sceptre, the other the Sword of State in a red scabbard, studded with golden fleurs-de-lis, the point upwards; next comes the King himself
    The idea of order is emphasized to the audience's eyes by the scepter and Sword of State; it is emphasized to the audience's ears by the measured march of the nobles. In the narrative descriptions, order is emphasized by the use of transition words such as "first," "next" and "after."
  21. formidable
    inspiring fear or dread
    When the meal was over at last and he marched away in the midst of his bright pageant, with the happy noises in his ears of blaring bugles, rolling drums, and thundering acclamations, he felt that if he had seen the worst of dining in public it was an ordeal which he would be glad to endure several times a day if by that means he could but buy himself free from some of the more formidable requirements of his royal office.
  22. truculent
    defiantly aggressive
    There were huge stalwart men, brown with exposure, long-haired, and clothed in fantastic rags; there were middle-sized youths, of truculent countenance, and similarly clad
  23. brazen
    not held back by conventional ideas of behavior
    some of the females were hardly-grown girls, some were at prime, some were old and wrinkled hags, and all were loud, brazen, foul-mouthed
    Compare this adjective with the noun "eccentricity" in the list for Chapters 1-7. As the definitions and example sentences suggest, a person who is brazen is often deliberately acting against convention, while a person who is seen as eccentric is often unaware of the convention others think he should follow. As a pauper, Tom had fewer conventions to learn than as a prince.
  24. diligent
    characterized by care and perseverance in carrying out tasks
    London is better than the country, and safer, these late years, the laws be so bitter and so diligently enforced.
  25. revile
    spread negative information about
    The law roasted her to death at a slow fire. It did touch me to a sort of tenderness to see the gallant way she met her lot--cursing and reviling all the crowd that gaped and gazed around her, whilst the flames licked upward toward her face and catched her thin locks and crackled about her old gray head--cursing them!
  26. merciful
    showing or giving forgiveness
    Drink ye all again to the merciful English law!--for its lash drank deep of my Mary's blood and its blessed deliverance came quick.
    "Mercy" means "leniency and compassion shown toward offenders." Mary broke the law by begging for food. For this crime, she was stripped and whipped. This quick death might be merciful in comparison to slow starvation. But the speaker uses the adjective in a bitterly ironic way here, since English laws killed his mother and daughter, took his ears, made him a slave, and threatens to hang him for running away.
  27. boon
    something that is desirable, favorable, or beneficial
    "Ye mannerless vagrants, is this your recognition of the royal boon I have promised?"
  28. deign
    do something that one considers to be below one's dignity
    "Deign to spit upon us, O Sire, that our children's children may tell of thy princely condescension, and be proud and happy for ever!"
    Despite using "deign" as an imperative verb, the speaker does not actually want to be spit on. This example sentence is part of "a chorus of ironical wailings." Aside from not being believed, Edward loses his dignity because the crowd responds to his sincere promise of kindness with mocking jokes about his cruelty.
  29. ostensible
    appearing as such but not necessarily so
    The goodwife had intended to feed this young tramp with broken victuals in a corner, like any other tramp or like a dog; but she was so remorseful for the scolding she had given him, that she did what she could to atone for it by allowing him to sit at the family table and eat with his betters, on ostensible terms of equality with them
  30. complacent
    contented to a fault with oneself or one's actions
    This good woman was made happy all the day long by the applauses which she got out of herself for her magnanimous condescension to a tramp; and the King was just as self-complacent over his gracious humility toward a humble peasant woman.
    Both the good woman and the King are equally complacent about the way they behaved towards one another. "Magnanimous" and "gracious" are almost synonymous adjectives that describe a noble and generous spirit. But "condescension" and "humility" are antonyms: the first noun refers to the act of a proud person lowering herself, while the second refers to a lack of false pride.
  31. supplication
    a humble request for help from someone in authority
    And thou shalt be at peace here. None shall find out thy refuge to disquiet thee with supplications to return to that empty and foolish life which God hath moved thee to abandon.
    Compare with "beseech" in this list. When both are used as verbs, they synonymously refer to the action of requesting help. A slight difference can be seen in the definitions and the words' roots: the Middle English "secen" means "to seek" and the German "besuchen" means "to visit" while the Latin "supplicare" means "to kneel down" (often to someone in authority, such as a king or god).
  32. obscure
    not famous or acclaimed
    I was told it from heaven in a dream, twenty years ago; ah, yes, I was to be pope! and I should have been pope, for Heaven had said it--but the King dissolved my religious house, and I, poor obscure unfriended monk, was cast homeless upon the world, robbed of my mighty destiny!
  33. vindictive
    disposed to seek revenge or intended for revenge
    A black frown settled down upon the hermit's face, and he clenched his bony hands with a vindictive energy.
  34. repine
    express discontent
    His father wrought us evil, he destroyed us--and is gone down into the eternal fires! Yes, down into the eternal fires! He escaped us--but it was God's will, yes it was God's will, we must not repine.
  35. complaisance
    a tendency to try to please or yield to the will of others
    This doth well and truly account for his complaisance! Right well I knew he would budge nor hand nor foot in the menial service of any mortal; but, lord, even a king must obey when an archangel gives the word o' command!
Created on Wed Aug 06 20:40:49 EDT 2014 (updated Mon Jul 02 15:18:42 EDT 2018)

Sign up now (it’s free!)

Whether you’re a teacher or a learner, Vocabulary.com can put you or your class on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.