United States statesman who promoted the Marshall Plan and helped establish NATO (1893-1971)

German statesman; chancellor of West Germany (1876-1967)

Roman general who commanded the fleet that defeated the forces of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (63-12 BC)

ancient Athenian statesman and general in the Peloponnesian War (circa 450-404 BC)

Palestinian statesman who was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (1929-2004)

Turkish statesman who abolished the caliphate and founded Turkey as a modern secular state (1881-1938)

British statesman and leader of the Labour Party who instituted the welfare state in Britain (1883-1967)

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)

English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1867-1947)

English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1848-1930)

economic advisor to United States Presidents (1870-1965)

Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

Israeli statesman (born in Poland) and active Zionist who organized resistance against the British after World War II; prime minister of Israel (1886-1973)

British labor leader and statesman who played an important role in diplomacy after World War II (1884-1951)

German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898)

British statesman who became prime minister in 1997 (born in 1953)

a Roman who was an early Christian philosopher and statesman who was executed for treason; Boethius had a decisive influence on medieval logic (circa 480-524)

Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830)

German statesman who as chancellor of West Germany worked to reduce tensions with eastern Europe (1913-1992)

Soviet statesman who became president of the Soviet Union (1906-1982)

statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC)

British statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in British Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)

conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

prime mover in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar (died in 42 BC)

British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)

French statesman and writer; considered a precursor of the romantic movement in France (1768-1848)

suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773)

Chinese military and political figure; in the Chinese civil war that followed World War II he was defeated by the Chinese communists and in 1949 was forced to withdraw to Taiwan where he served as president of Nationalist China until his death (1897-1975)

British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953 (1874-1965)

a Roman statesman and orator remembered for his mastery of Latin prose (106-43 BC)

Roman statesman regarded as a model of simple virtue; he twice was called to assume dictatorship of Rome and each time retired to his farm (519-438 BC)

French statesman who played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Versailles (1841-1929)

British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774)

Italian financier and statesman and friend of the papal court (1389-1464)

English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)

American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1808-1889)

Israeli general and statesman (1915-1981)

French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)

Athenian statesman and orator (circa 385-322 BC)

Chinese communist statesman (1904-1997)

Irish statesman (born in the United States); as president of the Irish Free State he was responsible for the new constitution of 1937 that created the state of Eire (1882-1975)

British statesman who as Prime Minister bought controlling interest in the Suez Canal and made Queen Victoria the empress of India (1804-1881)

Roman statesman and general who built the Flaminian Way; died when he was defeated by Hannibal (died 217 BC)

English statesman who supported American independence and the French Revolution (1749-1806)

daughter of Nehru who served as prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984)

liberal British statesman who served as prime minister four times (1809-1898)

Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931)

Englishman who as Prime Minister implemented social reforms including the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire (1764-1845)

Scottish statesman and brother of Elizabeth and John Haldane (1856-1928)

United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804)

Czech dramatist and statesman whose plays opposed totalitarianism and who served as president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 to 1992 and president of the Czech Republic since 1993 (born in 1936)

German field marshal and statesman; as president of the Weimar Republic he reluctantly appointed Hitler as chancellor in 1933 (1847-1934)

Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South Vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969)

Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948)

soviet statesman and head of state of the USSR (1875-1946)

statesman who led Northern Rhodesia to full independence as Zambia in 1964 and served as Zambia's first president (1924-1999)

Kenyan statesman and the first president of independent Kenya (1893-1978)

Russian revolutionary who was head of state after Nicholas II abdicated but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (1881-1970)

Botswanan statesman who was the first president of Botswana (1921-1980)

Soviet statesman and premier who denounced Stalin (1894-1971)

Japanese statesman who set Japan's expansionist policies and formed an alliance with Germany and Italy (1891-1945)

Boer statesman (1825-1904)

Italian statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli (1449-1492)

a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)

British statesman who was prime minister from 1990 until 1997 (born in 1943)

South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918)

United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959)

Israeli statesman (born in Russia) (1898-1978)

Austrian statesman (1773-1859)

French statesman and president of France from 1981 to 1985 (1916-1996)

Soviet statesman (1890-1986)

English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state

United States statesman who led the committee that produced the final draft of the United States Constitution (1752-1816)

Egyptian statesman who became president in 1981 after Sadat was assassinated (born in 1929)

Norwegian explorer of the Arctic and director of the League of Nations relief program for refugees of World War I (1861-1930)

Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal (1918-1970)

Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule; was the first prime minister of the Republic of India from 1947 to 1964 (1889-1964)

British statesman under George III whose policies led to rebellion in the American colonies (1732-1792)

Nicaraguan statesman (born in 1945)

Polish pianist who in 1919 served as the first Prime Minister of independent Poland (1860-1941)

Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens' political and cultural supremacy in Greece; he ordered the construction of the Parthenon (died in 429 BC)

English statesman who brought the Seven Years' War to an end (1708-1778)

English statesman and son of Pitt the Elder (1759-1806)

Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)

United States general who was the first African American to serve as chief of staff; later served as Secretary of State under President George W. Bush (born 1937)

Russian statesman chosen as president of the Russian Federation in 2000; formerly director of the Federal Security Bureau (born in 1952)

Indian philosopher and statesman who introduced Indian philosophy to the West (1888-1975)

French prelate and statesman; principal minister to Louis XIII (1585-1642)

English statesman who served as prime minister and who opposed the war with the American colonies (1730-1782)

Egyptian statesman who (as president of Egypt) negotiated a peace treaty with Menachem Begin (then prime minister of Israel) (1918-1981)

German statesman who served as chancellor of Germany (born in 1918)

Roman statesman and philosopher who was an advisor to Nero; his nine extant tragedies are modeled on Greek tragedies (circa 4 BC - 65 AD)

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

South African statesman and soldier (1870-1950)

Indonesian statesman who seized power from Sukarno in 1967 (born in 1921)

Indonesian statesman who obtained the independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands in 1949 and served as president until ousted by Suharto in a coup d'etat (1901-1970)

French statesman (1560-1641)

Chinese statesman who organized the Kuomintang and led the revolution that overthrew the Manchu dynasty in 1911 and 1912 (1866-1925)

French statesman (1754-1838)

Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC)

Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German occupation during World War II and established a communist state after the war (1892-1980)

Brazilian statesman who ruled Brazil as a virtual dictator (1883-1954)

South African statesman who instituted the policy of apartheid (1901-1966)

Austrian diplomat who was Secretary General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981; in 1986 he was elected president of Austria in spite of worldwide allegations that he had direct knowledge of Nazi atrocities during World War II (born in 1918)

Polish labor leader and statesman (born in 1943)

Englishman and Whig statesman who (under George I) was effectively the first British prime minister (1676-1745)

English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

Israeli statesman who persuaded the United States to recognize the new state of Israel and became its first president (1874-1952)

British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)

English prelate and statesman; founded a college at Oxford and Winchester College in Winchester; served as chancellor of England and bishop of Winchester (1324-1404)