hornworts; liverworts having a thalloid gametophyte; in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida

comprises a single genus: Andreaea

category used in some classification systems for mosses having the spore case separated from the capsule wall by a hollow intercellular space

widely distributed order of mosses with erect gametophores and sporophytes at the tips of stems

mosses with perennial erect gametophores and stems with rows of leaves and drooping capsules

coextensive with the genus Sphagnum; in some classifications isolated in a separate subclass

large order of chiefly tropical liverworts

liverworts with gametophyte differentiated internally

small order sometimes included in the order Jungermanniales

chiefly tropical or xerophytic woody plants; practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms

primitive tropical gymnosperms abundant in the Mesozoic, now reduced to a few scattered tropical forms

fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous

fossil gymnospermous trees or climbing plants from the Devonian: seed ferns

extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian period; probably extinct since the Mesozoic era

profusely branching and chiefly evergreen trees and some shrubs having narrow or needlelike leaves

coextensive with the family Taxaceae: yews

coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales

herbs, shrubs and trees: includes families Ranunculaceae; Annonaceae; Berberidaceae; Magnoliaceae; Menispermaceae; Myristicaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Lauraceae; Calycanthaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Cercidiphyllaceae

coextensive with the family Myricaceae

Araceae; Lemnaceae

order of plants distinguished by tubular petaloid perianth and inferior ovary

corresponds approximately to the older group Centrospermae

coextensive with the family Cactaceae: cactuses

an order of dicotyledonous plants

an order of plants of the subclass Asteridae including: Campanulaceae; Lobeliaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Goodeniaceae; Compositae

order of plants with irregular flowers having minute seeds: Orchidaceae; Burmanniaceae

Primulaceae; Theophrastaceae; Myrsinaceae; and (in some classifications) Plumbaginaceae

coextensive with the family Plumbaginaceae; usually included in order Primulales

grasses; sedges; rushes

families Typhaceae; Sparganiaceae; Pandanaceae

Malvaceae; Bombacaceae; Elaeocarpaceae; Sterculiaceae; Tiliaceae

plants having umbels or corymbs of uniovulate flowers; includes the Umbelliferae (chiefly herbs) and Cornaceae (chiefly trees or shrubs)

coextensive with the family Proteaceae

order of chiefly Australian trees and shrubs comprising the casuarinas; 1 family: Casuarinaceae

Ericaceae; Clethraceae; Diapensiaceae; Epacridaceae; Lennoaceae; Pyrolaceae; Monotropaceae

used in some classifications: coextensive with family Diapensiaceae

an order of dicotyledonous trees of the subclass Hamamelidae

an order of dicotyledonous plants having gamopetalous flowers; Gentianaceae; Apocynaceae; Asclepiadaceae; Loganiaceae; Oleaceae; Salvadoraceae

coextensive with the family Oleaceae; in some classifications included in the order Gentianales

coextensive with the family Juglandaceae

Myrtaceae; Combretaceae; Elaeagnaceae; Haloragidaceae; Melastomaceae; Lecythidaceae; Lythraceae; Rhizophoraceae; Onagraceae; Lecythidaceae; Punicaceae

tropical plants

a large order of dicotyledonous plants of subclass Dilleniidae

used in some classifications; coextensive with Parietales

an order of dicotyledonous plants including Moraceae and Urticaceae and Ulmaceae

an order of monocotyledonous plants including Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae and Iridaceae

coextensive with the family Palmae: palms

coextensive with the family Plantaginaceae

coextensive with the family Polygonaceae,

an order of monocotyledonous herbs

an order of aquatic monocotyledonous herbaceous plants

in some classifications this category does not include Leguminosae

an order of dicotyledonous plants of the subclass Asteridae; have opposite leaves and an inferior compound ovary

an order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants; see Euphorbiaceae; Geraniaceae; Rutaceae; Malpighiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Meliaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Tropaeolaceae

coextensive with the family Salicaceae

order of plants distinguished by having a one-celled inferior ovary; many are parasitic or partly parasitic usually on roots

an order of dicotyledonous plants

trees or shrubs of the families Ebenaceae or Sapotaceae or Styracaceae or Symplocaceae

plants that are variously modified to serve as insect traps: families Sarraceniaceae; Nepenthaceae; Droseraceae

Polemoniaceae; Solanaceae; Boraginaceae; Labiatae; Lentibulariaceae; Pedaliaceae; in some classifications includes the order Scrophulariales

used in some classification systems; often included in the order Polemoniales

coextensive with the family Ophioglossaceae

an order of dicotyledonous plants

Piperaceae; Saururaceae; Chloranthaceae

true (leptosporangiate) ferns

lower ferns coextensive with the family Marattiaceae

lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots

Paleozoic simple dichotomously branched plants of Europe and eastern Canada including the oldest known vascular land plants

lower tracheophytes in existence since the Devonian

fossil arborescent plants arising during the early Devonian and conspicuous throughout the Carboniferous

lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae

in some classifications included in Lycopodiales

aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales

heathers