types:
abolitionisme
the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery
animisme
the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls
dualisme
the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil
irredentisme
the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
meerderheidsbeginsel
the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group
monisme
the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element
nihilisme
a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake
pluralisme
the doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements
demagogie,
populisme
the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite
humanisme
the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural
humanisme
the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
egalitarisme
the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality
les
a doctrine that is taught
utilitarisme
doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number
millennium
(New Testament) in Revelations it is foretold that those faithful to Jesus will reign with Jesus over the earth for a thousand years; the meaning of these words have been much debated; some denominations (e.g. Jehovah's Witnesses) expect it to be a thousand years of justice and peace and happiness
erfzonde
a sin said to be inherited by all descendants of Adam
predestinatie
(theology) being determined in advance; especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)
conceptualisme
the doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application
confucianisme
the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China
existentialisme,
existentiefilosofie
(philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement chiefly in Europe; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves
logicisme
(philosophy) the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic
materialisme
(philosophy) the philosophical theory that matter is the only reality
nativisme
(philosophy) the philosophical theory that some ideas are innate
naturalisme
(philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
nominalisme
(philosophy) the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name
pragmatisme
(philosophy) the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value
relativisme
(philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved
scholastiek
the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe; based on Aristotle and the Church Fathers
solipsisme
(philosophy) the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist
stoïcisme
(philosophy) the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno
subjectivisme
(philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience
vitalisme
(philosophy) a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct from physics and chemistry
arianisme
heretical doctrine taught by Arius that asserted the radical primacy of the Father over the Son
jansenisme
the Roman Catholic doctrine of Cornelis Jansen and his disciples; salvation is limited to those who are subject to supernatural determinism and the rest are assigned to perdition
synergie
the theological doctrine that salvation results from the interaction of human will and divine grace
transsubstantiatie,
verzelfstandiging
the Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist
gnosticisme
a religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element; considered heresy by Christian churches
oecumene
(Christianity) the doctrine of the ecumenical movement that promotes cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations: aimed at universal Christian unity