United States biologist who discovered how hereditary characteristics are transmitted by genes (1903-1989)

French surgeon and biologist who developed a way to suture and graft blood vessels (1873-1944)

United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)

United States biologist (born in Germany) who studied how viruses infect living cells (1906-1981)

German biologist and philosopher; advocated Darwinism and formulated the theory of recapitulation; was an exponent of materialistic monism (1834-1919)

English biologist and a leading exponent of Darwin's theory of evolution (1825-1895)

English biologist noted for studies of the molecular structure of blood components (born in 1917)

United States biologist who formulated the chromosome theory of heredity (1866-1945)

French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)

English physiologist who conducted research into the function of neurons; 1st baron of Cambridge (1889-1997)

United States naturalist (born in Switzerland) who studied fossil fish; recognized geological evidence that ice ages had occurred in North America (1807-1873)

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

United States ornithologist and artist (born in Haiti) noted for his paintings of birds of America (1785-1851)

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

Canadian physiologist who discovered insulin with C. H. Best and who used it to treat diabetes(1891-1941)

French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)

Canadian physiologist (born in the United States) who assisted F. G. Banting in research leading to the discovery of insulin (1899-1978)

Scottish botanist who first observed the movement of small particles in fluids now known a Brownian motion (1773-1858)

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)

American geneticist who succeeded in transferring a functioning gene from one mouse to another (born in 1934)

German botanist who is generally recognized as founding bacteriology when he recognized bacteria as plants

English botanical writer and publisher (1746-1799)

French naturalist known as the father of comparative anatomy (1769-1832)

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

Dutch botanist who rediscovered Mendel's laws and developed the mutation theory of evolution (1848-1935)

Australian physiologist noted for his research on the conduction of impulses by nerve cells (1903-1997)

German bacteriologist who found a `magic bullet' to cure syphilis and was a pioneer in the study of immunology (1854-1915)

Dutch physiologist who devised the first electrocardiograph (1860-1927)

Scottish bacteriologist who discovered penicillin (1881-1955)

Austrian zoologist noted for his studies of honeybees (1886-1982)

Italian physiologist noted for his discovery that frogs' muscles contracted in an electric field (which led to the galvanic cell) (1737-1798)

Swiss naturalist who was one of the founders of modern zoology (1516-1565)

English zoologist noted for her studies of chimpanzees in the wild (born in 1934)

Danish physician and bacteriologist who developed a method of staining bacteria to distinguish among them (1853-1938)

United States botanist who specialized in North American flora and who was an early supporter of Darwin's theories of evolution (1810-1888)

Scottish physiologist and brother of Richard Haldane and Elizabeth Haldane; noted for research into industrial diseases (1860-1936)

Scottish geneticist (son of John Haldane) who contributed to the development of population genetics; a popularizer of science and a Marxist (1892-1964)

German physiologist and physicist (1821-1894)

Swiss physiologist noted for studies of the brain (1881-1973)

United States physiologist (1899-1982)

English physiologist who, with Andrew Huxley, discovered the role of potassium and sodium atoms in the transmission of the nerve impulse (1914-1998)

United States neuroscientist noted for his studies of the neural basis of vision (born in 1926)

English naturalist (born in Argentina) (1841-1922)

German naturalist who explored Central and South America and provided a comprehensive description of the physical universe (1769-1859)

English physiologist who, with Alan Hodgkin, discovered the role of potassium and sodium ions in the transmission of the nerve impulse (born in 1917)

French botanist who categorized plants into families and developed a system of plant classification (1748-1836)

United States zoologist best known for his interview studies of sexual behavior (1894-1956)

German bacteriologist who isolated the anthrax bacillus and the tubercle bacillus and the cholera bacillus (1843-1910)

French naturalist who proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired characteristics (1744-1829)

Swedish botanist who proposed the modern system of biological nomenclature (1707-1778)

United States physiologist (born in Germany) who did research on parthenogenesis (1859-1924)

Austrian zoologist who studied the behavior of birds and emphasized the importance of innate as opposed to learned behaviors (1903-1989)

Soviet geneticist whose adherence to Lamarck's theory of evolution was favored by Stalin (1898-1976)

Scottish physiologist who directed the research by F. G. Banting and C. H. Best that led to the discovery of insulin (1876-1935)

Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)

Russian bacteriologist in France who formulated the theory of phagocytosis (1845-1916)

United States naturalist (born in England) who advocated the creation of national parks (1838-1914)

United States geneticist who studied the effects of X-rays on genes (1890-1967)

German physiologist and anatomist (1801-1858)

United States bacteriologist (born in Japan) who discovered the cause of yellow fever and syphilis (1876-1928)

German naturalist whose speculations that plants and animals are made up of tiny living `infusoria' led to the cell theory (1779-1851)

Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936)

United States sexual physiologist whose hunch that progesterone could block ovulation led to the development of the oral contraceptive pill (1903-1967)

Bohemian physiologist remembered for his discovery of Purkinje cells and the Purkinje network (1787-1869)

German bacteriologist who described a disease now known as Reiter's syndrome and who identified the spirochete that causes syphilis in humans (1881-1969)

United States microbiologist (born in Poland) who developed the Sabin vaccine that is taken orally against poliomyelitis (born 1906)

United States virologist who developed the Salk vaccine that is injected against poliomyelitis (born 1914)

German physiologist and histologist who in 1838 formulated the cell theory (1804-1881)

German physiologist and histologist who in 1838 and 1839 identified the cell as the basic structure of plant and animal tissue (1810-1882)

English physiologist who conducted research on reflex action (1857-1952)

Italian physiologist who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation (1729-1799)

German naturalist (1709-1746)

Dutch naturalist and microscopist who proposed a classification of insects and who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and was the first to see red blood cells (1637-1680)

United States physicist and molecular biologist who helped develop the first atom bomb and later opposed the use of all nuclear weapons (1898-1964)

Dutch zoologist who showed that much animal behavior is innate and stereotyped (1907-1988)

Japanese molecular biologist noted for his studies of how the immune system produces antibodies (born in 1939)

English botanist who was one of the first to collect specimens of plants (1570-1638)

United States geneticist who published the complete base sequences for all the genes of a free-living organism, the influenza bacterium; later led team that developed a first draft of the entire human genome (born in 1946)

English naturalist who formulated a concept of evolution that resembled Charles Darwin's (1823-1913)

German bacteriologist who developed a diagnostic test for syphilis (1866-1925)

United States geneticist who (with Crick in 1953) helped discover the helical structure of DNA (born in 1928)

German physiologist who studied sensory responses to stimuli and is considered the father of psychophysics (1795-1878)

German biologist who was one of the founders of modern genetics; his theory of genetic transmission ruled out the possibility of transmitting acquired characteristics (1834-1914)

English geneticist who succeeded in cloning a sheep from a cell from an adult ewe (born in 1944)

United States entomologist who has generalized from social insects to other animals including humans (born in 1929)

Scottish ornithologist in the United States (1766-1813)

French bacteriologist born in Switzerland; was a student of Pasteur; discovered the plague bacillus (1863-1943)

United States bacteriologist who helped develop immunization against typhus fever (1878-1940)

a biologist who studies bacteria

a biologist specializing in the study of plants

a biologist who studies the structure and function of cells

a biologist who studies the relation between organisms and their environment

a biologist who specializes in genetics

a specialist in microbiology

a biologist who studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life

a biologist knowledgeable about natural history (especially botany and zoology)

a specialist in neurobiology

a biologist specializing in physiology

a biologist who studies the effects of radiation on living organisms

a biologist who studies the biological determinants of social behavior

a biologist who specializes in the classification of organisms into groups on the basis of their structure and origin and behavior

a biologist who cuts open live animals for research

a specialist in the branch of biology dealing with animals

a geneticist who specializes in the cellular components associated with heredity

a zoologist who studies insects

a zoologist who studies the behavior of animals in their natural habitats

a zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians

a zoologist who studies fishes

a taxonomist who classifies organisms into large groups on the basis of major characteristics

a zoologist specializing in the study of mollusks

one skilled in the study of mammals

a botanist who specializes in the study of fungi

a neurobiologist who specializes in the study of the brain

a zoologist who studies birds

someone versed in pomology or someone who cultivates fruit trees

someone who propagates plants (as under glass)

a zoologist who studies protozoans

a taxonomist who classifies organisms into many groups on the basis of relatively minor characteristics

a specialist in virology

English radiobiologist in whose honor the gray (the SI unit of energy for the absorbed dose of radiation) was named (1905-1965)