types:
allotropo
a structurally different form of an element
metallo
any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.
argo
a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere
arsenico
a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar
astato
a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium
boro
a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder
bromo
a nonmetallic heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water
carbonio
an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds
cloro
a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)
fluoro
a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite
elio
a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)
idrogeno,
idrossido
a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe
iodio
a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)
cripto
a colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; occurs in trace amounts in air
neon
a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts
azoto
a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues
idrossido,
liceale,
ossigeno,
tessitura
a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust
fosforo
a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms
plutonio
a solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239
radon
a radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gasses; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health
silicio
a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors
solfuro
an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)
xeno
a colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts
alluminio
a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite
antimonio
a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite
bario
a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite
berillio
a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element
bismuto
a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals
cadmio
a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores
calcio
a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals
cromo
a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing
cobalto
a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition
rame
a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor
ferro
a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood
piombo
a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey
litio
a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals
magnesio
a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine)
manganese
a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals
mercurio
a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures
nichel
a hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite
osmio
a hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known
potassio
a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite
radio
an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores
sodio
a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)
stronzio
a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite
titanio
a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite
tungsteno
a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite
uranio
a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons
vanadio
a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite
zinco
a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende
carbon fossile,
carbone
a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air
fuliggine,
nerofumo
a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink
grafite
used as a lubricant and as a moderator in nuclear reactors