examples:
Namibia
a republic in southwestern Africa on the south Atlantic coast (formerly called South West Africa); achieved independence from South Africa in 1990; the greater part of Namibia forms part of the high Namibian plateau of South Africa
Algeria
a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea with a population that is predominantly Sunni Muslim; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s
Angola
a republic in southwestern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 and was the scene of civil war until 1990
Burundi
a landlocked republic in east central Africa on the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika
Camerún
a republic on the western coast of central Africa; was under French and British control until 1960
Chad
a landlocked desert republic in north-central Africa; was under French control until 1960
Costa de Marfil
a republic in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; one of the most prosperous and politically stable countries in Africa
Dahomei
a country on western coast of Africa; formerly under French control
Togo
a republic on the western coast of Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; formerly under French control
Yibuti
a country in northeastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; formerly under French control but became independent in 1997
Guinea Ecuatorial
a country of west central Africa (including islands in the Gulf of Guinea); became independent from Spain in 1968
Etiopía
Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia
Ruanda
a landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony
Botsuana
a landlocked republic in south-central Africa that became independent from British control in the 1960s
Egipto
a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
Kenia
a republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1963; major archeological discoveries have been made in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya
Gabón
a republic on the west coast of Africa
Gambia
a narrow republic surrounded by Senegal in West Africa
Ghana
a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea
Guinea francesa
a republic in western Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in 1958
Guinea portuguesa
a republic on the northwestern coast of Africa; recognized as independent by Portugal in 1974
Lesoto
a landlocked constitutional monarchy in southern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966
Liberia
a republic in West Africa; established in 1822 by Americans as a way to free negro slaves
Libia
a military dictatorship in northern Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum
Madagascar
a republic on the island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960
Malawi
a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964
Mali
a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years
Mauritania
a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert
Marruecos
a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa with a largely Muslim population; achieved independence from France in 1956
Mozambique
a republic on the southeastern coast of Africa on the Mozambique Channel; became independent from Portugal in 1975
Níger
a landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in 1960; most of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert
Nigeria
a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country
Senegal
a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960
Sierra Leone
a republic in West Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1961
Repúblia de Somalia
a republic in extreme eastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; subject to tribal warfare
República de Sudáfrica
a republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers)
República del Sudán
a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956
Socilandia
a landlocked monarchy in southeastern Africa; member of the commonwealth that achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1968
Túnez
a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956
Uganda
a landlocked republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962
Zambia
a republic in central Africa; formerly controlled by Great Britain and called Northern Rhodesia until it gained independence within the commonwealth in 1964
Zimbabwe
a landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980