examples:
República Federal Alemana
a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990
República Democrárica Alemana
a republic in north central Europe on the Baltic; established by the Soviet Union in 1954; reunified with West Germany in 1990
Finlandia
republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917
Italia
a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD
Rumanía
a republic in southeastern Europe with a short coastline on the Black Sea
Croacia
a republic in the western Balkans in south-central Europe in the eastern Adriatic coastal area; formerly part of the Habsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; became independent in 1991
Yugoslavia
a mountainous republic in southeastern Europe bordering on the Adriatic Sea; formed from two of the six republics that made up Yugoslavia until 1992; Serbia and Montenegro were known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 2003 when they adopted the name of the Union of Serbia and Montenegro
Eslovenia
a mountainous republic in central Europe; formerly part of the Habsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; achieved independence in 1991
Austria
a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century
Flandes
a medieval country in northern Europe that included regions now parts of northern France and Belgium and southwestern Netherlands
Bélgica
a monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Union and for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Irlanda del Norte
a division of the United Kingdom located on the northern part of the island of Ireland
Irlanda
a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921
Escocia
one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts
Francia
a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe
Países Bajos
a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level
Hungría
a republic in central Europe
Islandia
an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944
Liechtenstein
a small landlocked principality (constitutional monarchy) in central Europe located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland
Luxemburgo
a grand duchy (a constitutional monarchy) landlocked in northwestern Europe between France and Belgium and Germany; an international financial center
Monaco
a constitutional monarchy in a tiny enclave on the French Riviera
Polonia
a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II
Portugal
a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)
San Marino
the smallest republic in the world; the oldest independent country in Europe (achieved independence in 301); located in the Apennines and completely surrounded by Italy
Andorra
a small republic in the eastern Pyrenees between Spain and France
España
a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power
Suiza
a landlocked federal republic in central Europe
Albania
a republic in southeastern Europe on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula
Bulgaria
a republic in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe
Dinamarca
a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea
Noruega
a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905
Suecia
a Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula
Grecia
a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil