examples:

Newgate

a former prison in London notorious for its unsanitary conditions and burnt down in riots in 1780; a new prison was built on the same spot but was torn down in 1902

types:

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detention camp, detention home, detention house, house of detention

an institution where juvenile offenders can be held temporarily (usually under the supervision of a juvenile court)

clink, gaol, jail, jailhouse, pokey, poky, slammer

a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence)

pen, penitentiary

a correctional institution for those convicted of major crimes

prison, prison house

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

reform school, reformatory, training school

correctional institution for the detention and discipline and training of young or first offenders

bastille

a jail or prison (especially one that is run in a tyrannical manner)

borstal

formerly a British reform school for youths considered too young to send to prison

chokey, choky

British slang (dated) for a prison

holding cell

a jail in a courthouse where accused persons can be confined during a trial

hoosegow, hoosgow

slang for a jail

house of correction

(formerly) a jail or other place of detention for persons convicted of minor offences

lockup

jail in a local police station

nick

(British slang) a prison

panopticon

a circular prison with cells distributed around a central surveillance station; proposed by Jeremy Bentham in 1791

state prison

a prison maintained by a state of the U.S.

workhouse

a county jail that holds prisoners for periods up to 18 months

type of:

penal facility, penal institution

an institution where persons are confined for punishment and to protect the public