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artesian

Use the adjective artesian to describe water that flows naturally from underground to the surface. An artesian well doesn't require a pump.

When underground water is tapped by boring a well at a certain angle, it creates an artesian well or artesian aquifer. The word artesian comes from the French phrase puits artésien, "wells of Artois," the province in France where artesian wells were originally drilled in the 18th century.

Definitions of artesian
  1. adjective
    (of water) rising to the surface under internal hydrostatic pressure
    “an artesian well”
    artesian pressure”
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    Antonyms:
    subartesian
    (of water) rising naturally in a well to a height appreciably above that of the surrounding water table but not flowing out of the well
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