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  1. sedentary
    requiring sitting or little activity
    While it is widely acknowledged that sitting for hours on end in front TVs, computer and video game screens has contributed to the obesity epidemic in the US and many other nations around the world, the resulting public health message has tended to encourage people to stop doing these sedentary activities and take up physical exercise like play football, swim, or use a treadmill.
  2. risk
    a source of danger
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  3. exercise
    the activity of exerting muscles to keep fit
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  4. cardiologist
    a specialist in the structure and function of the heart
    Dr Gerard Fletcher, a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, in Florida, USA, works at his computer standing up:

    "When you stand up, you shuffle around a little bit" said Fletcher: you use muscles not required when you're sitting or lying down.
  5. increment
    the amount by which something increases
    Risk of dying from any cause went up by 11 per cent for each extra TV viewing hour (hazard ratio [HR] for each one-hour increment was 1.11, with 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] ranging from 1.03 to 1.20).
  6. researcher
    a scientist devoted to systematic investigation
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  7. prolong
    lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  8. links
    a golf course that is built on sandy ground near a shore
    The researchers wrote that studies have been done on television viewing time and health, but these have focused on links with cardiovascular risk, and not risk of death.
  9. link
    connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  10. participant
    someone who is involved in an activity
    For six years, Dunstan and colleagues followed 8,800 people aged 25 and over who were taking part in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) and found that those who said they watched four or more of TV a day were 46 per cent more likely to die of any cause and 80 per cent more likely to die of cardiovascular disease compared to people who said they spent less than two hours a day in front of their TVs.

    The study revealed the following results:
    The average age of ...
  11. muscle
    animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells
    "It's the incidental moving around, walking around, standing up and utilizing muscles that [doesn't happen] when we're plunked on a couch in front of a television."
  12. utilize
    put into service
    "It's the incidental moving around, walking around, standing up and utilizing muscles that [doesn't happen] when we're plunked on a couch in front of a television."
  13. detract
    take away a part from; diminish
    He was also keen to point out that none of these findings detract from the importance of also doing exercise that makes you sweat and increases your heart rate.
  14. linked
    connected, as railway cars or trailer trucks
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  15. increase
    a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  16. research
    a seeking for knowledge
    Dr Marc Hamilton, a scientist at Pennnington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge in Louisiana, USA, studies the biology of inactivity.
  17. computer
    a machine for performing calculations automatically
    While it is widely acknowledged that sitting for hours on end in front TVs, computer and video game screens has contributed to the obesity epidemic in the US and many other nations around the world, the resulting public health message has tended to encourage people to stop doing these sedentary activities and take up physical exercise like play football, swim, or use a treadmill.
  18. view
    the visual percept of a region
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  19. non
    negation of a word or group of words
    So for this study they investigated the link between prolonged television viewing time and all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and non- cardiovascular/non-cancer mortality in Australian adults.
  20. contribute
    give, provide, or supply something
    While it is widely acknowledged that sitting for hours on end in front TVs, computer and video game screens has contributed to the obesity epidemic in the US and many other nations around the world, the resulting public health message has tended to encourage people to stop doing these sedentary activities and take up physical exercise like play football, swim, or use a treadmill.
  21. incidental
    minor or casual or subordinate in significance or nature
    "It's the incidental moving around, walking around, standing up and utilizing muscles that [doesn't happen] when we're plunked on a couch in front of a television."
  22. highlight
    an area of brightness in a picture
    But as Dunstan explained to the press, this study highlights a different view of the problem:

    "It's not the sweaty type of exercise we're losing," said Dunstan.
  23. adjust
    alter or regulate so as to conform to a standard
    After adjusting for age, sex, waist size, and exercise, the risk of dying from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer went up for each extra hour spent sitting still in front of the TV every day.
  24. focused
    brought into sharp clarity
    The researchers wrote that studies have been done on television viewing time and health, but these have focused on links with cardiovascular risk, and not risk of death.
  25. reduce
    make smaller
    They recommended that as well as promoting exercise, reducing prolonged periods of sitting in front of the TV would help prevent chronic diseases.
  26. epidemic
    a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease
    While it is widely acknowledged that sitting for hours on end in front TVs, computer and video game screens has contributed to the obesity epidemic in the US and many other nations around the world, the resulting public health message has tended to encourage people to stop doing these sedentary activities and take up physical exercise like play football, swim, or use a treadmill.
  27. valid
    well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force
    Dunstan said their study findings are probably also valid for other sedentary activities such as sitting in front of a computer, reading a book, driving, or sitting on a bus or train.
  28. average
    an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual
    For six years, Dunstan and colleagues followed 8,800 people aged 25 and over who were taking part in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) and found that those who said they watched four or more of TV a day were 46 per cent more likely to die of any cause and 80 per cent more likely to die of cardiovascular disease compared to people who said they spent less than two hours a day in front of their TVs.

    The study revealed the following results:
    The average ...
  29. colleague
    an associate that one works with
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  30. implication
    something that is inferred
    "The implication of these findings is that the extraordinary amount of sitting can undo the good effects that we know are a benefit when we get regular exercise," said Dunstan, explaining that research has revealed muscle movement helps the body process blood sugar and blood fats:

    "The absence of movement can slow down our metabolic processes," he explained, adding that:

    "When we're sitting down or even lying on the couch, we're burning the equivalent of the energy we burn when ...
  31. chronic
    long-lasting or characterized by long suffering
    They recommended that as well as promoting exercise, reducing prolonged periods of sitting in front of the TV would help prevent chronic diseases.
  32. emerging
    coming into existence
    There is emerging evidence that prolonged periods of inactivity affects how our bodies process fats and other substances in a way that contributes to heart risk, and that avoiding sitting for long periods can reduce that effect.
  33. ratio
    relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude
    Risk of dying from any cause went up by 11 per cent for each extra TV viewing hour (hazard ratio [HR] for each one-hour increment was 1.11, with 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] ranging from 1.03 to 1.20).
  34. adjusted
    altered to accommodate to certain requirements
    Watching TV for 2 to 4 hours a day increased the risk of dying from any cause by 13 per cent (adjusted HR 1.13 95%CI 0.87-1.36), and from cardiovascular disease by 19 per cent (adj HR 1.19, 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.99) compared to watching it for less than 2 hours.
  35. period
    an amount of time
    One of the surprising things they found was that even for people who exercised regularly, the risk of death went up the longer they spent in front of the TV: they suggest the problem was the prolonged periods of sitting still.
  36. process
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
    There is emerging evidence that prolonged periods of inactivity affects how our bodies process fats and other substances in a way that contributes to heart risk, and that avoiding sitting for long periods can reduce that effect.
  37. investigate
    conduct an inquiry of
    So for this study they investigated the link between prolonged television viewing time and all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and non- cardiovascular/non-cancer mortality in Australian adults.
  38. recommend
    express a good opinion of
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  39. emerge
    come out into view, as from concealment
    There is emerging evidence that prolonged periods of inactivity affects how our bodies process fats and other substances in a way that contributes to heart risk, and that avoiding sitting for long periods can reduce that effect.
  40. ranging
    wandering freely
    Risk of dying from any cause went up by 11 per cent for each extra TV viewing hour (hazard ratio [HR] for each one-hour increment was 1.11, with 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] ranging from 1.03 to 1.20).
  41. consistent
    the same throughout in structure or composition
    The authors said one limitation of the study was that the data on TV viewing time and exercise was taken at enrollment and not verified after that; however they insist the findings are consistent with other research.
  42. promote
    assign to a higher position
    They recommended that as well as promoting exercise, reducing prolonged periods of sitting in front of the TV would help prevent chronic diseases.
  43. data
    a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
    The authors said one limitation of the study was that the data on TV viewing time and exercise was taken at enrollment and not verified after that; however they insist the findings are consistent with other research.
  44. reveal
    make visible
    For six years, Dunstan and colleagues followed 8,800 people aged 25 and over who were taking part in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) and found that those who said they watched four or more of TV a day were 46 per cent more likely to die of any cause and 80 per cent more likely to die of cardiovascular disease compared to people who said they spent less than two hours a day in front of their TVs.

    The study revealed the following results:
    The average ...
  45. equivalent
    being essentially comparable to something
    "The implication of these findings is that the extraordinary amount of sitting can undo the good effects that we know are a benefit when we get regular exercise," said Dunstan, explaining that research has revealed muscle movement helps the body process blood sugar and blood fats:

    "The absence of movement can slow down our metabolic processes," he explained, adding that:

    "When we're sitting down or even lying on the couch, we're burning the equivalent of the energy we burn when ...
  46. switch
    device for making or breaking the connections in a circuit
    For example, after a few hours of being inactive, our bodies switch off an enzyme called lipoprotein lipase that pulls fat from the bloodstream.
  47. involve
    contain as a part
    He wasn't involved in this study, but said in a press statement issued by Baker IDI that:

    "If you're not up on your feet moving around, you're sedentary."
  48. message
    a communication that is written or spoken or signaled
    This study points to a possible gap in public health messages.
  49. gap
    an open or empty space in or between things
    This study points to a possible gap in public health messages.
  50. conclude
    bring to a close
    The researchers concluded that:

    "Television viewing time was associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality."
  51. adult
    a fully developed person from maturity onward
    So for this study they investigated the link between prolonged television viewing time and all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and non- cardiovascular/non-cancer mortality in Australian adults.
  52. subsequent
    following in time or order
    This results in less fat being transported to muscle tissue in readiness for burning as fuel, and more of it circulating in the blood, increasing the risk of arterial damage and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.
  53. focus
    the concentration of attention or energy on something
    The researchers wrote that studies have been done on television viewing time and health, but these have focused on links with cardiovascular risk, and not risk of death.
  54. caution
    judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger
    Hamilton cautioned that while population-based studies such as this one can only show links and not causes, he said that his own research into what happens when people and animals become inactive support these findings.
  55. acknowledge
    declare to be true or admit the existence or reality of
    While it is widely acknowledged that sitting for hours on end in front TVs, computer and video game screens has contributed to the obesity epidemic in the US and many other nations around the world, the resulting public health message has tended to encourage people to stop doing these sedentary activities and take up physical exercise like play football, swim, or use a treadmill.
  56. acknowledged
    recognized or made known or admitted
    While it is widely acknowledged that sitting for hours on end in front TVs, computer and video game screens has contributed to the obesity epidemic in the US and many other nations around the world, the resulting public health message has tended to encourage people to stop doing these sedentary activities and take up physical exercise like play football, swim, or use a treadmill.
  57. significant
    rich in implication
    The links with cancer mortality and non-cardiovascular/non-cancer mortality were not significant.
  58. institute
    set up or lay the groundwork for
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  59. fuel
    a substance that can be consumed to produce energy
    This results in less fat being transported to muscle tissue in readiness for burning as fuel, and more of it circulating in the blood, increasing the risk of arterial damage and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.
  60. associate
    bring or come into action
    The researchers concluded that:

    "Television viewing time was associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality."
  61. damage
    the occurrence of a change for the worse
    This results in less fat being transported to muscle tissue in readiness for burning as fuel, and more of it circulating in the blood, increasing the risk of arterial damage and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.
  62. suggest
    make a proposal; declare a plan for something
    One of the surprising things they found was that even for people who exercised regularly, the risk of death went up the longer they spent in front of the TV: they suggest the problem was the prolonged periods of sitting still.
  63. intense
    possessing a distinctive feature to a heightened degree
    Other experts also suggest it's not just about making sure get intense exercise, while that is also important, we need to add more routine movement to our daily lives.
  64. transport
    move something or somebody around
    This results in less fat being transported to muscle tissue in readiness for burning as fuel, and more of it circulating in the blood, increasing the risk of arterial damage and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.
  65. author
    a person who writes professionally
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  66. keen
    intense or sharp
    He was also keen to point out that none of these findings detract from the importance of also doing exercise that makes you sweat and increases your heart rate.
  67. interval
    the distance between things
    Risk of dying from any cause went up by 11 per cent for each extra TV viewing hour (hazard ratio [HR] for each one-hour increment was 1.11, with 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] ranging from 1.03 to 1.20).
  68. involved
    connected by participation or association or use
    He wasn't involved in this study, but said in a press statement issued by Baker IDI that:

    "If you're not up on your feet moving around, you're sedentary."
  69. journal
    a daily written record of experiences and observations
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  70. found
    set up
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  71. expert
    a person with special knowledge who performs skillfully
    Other experts also suggest it's not just about making sure get intense exercise, while that is also important, we need to add more routine movement to our daily lives.
  72. lead
    take somebody somewhere
    Researchers in Australia found that prolonged television viewing was linked to an increased risk of death, even in people who exercised regularly, and recommended more be done to encourage people to spend fewer hours sitting still in front of the TV.

    The study, which appeared online on 11 January in the journal Circulation, is the work of lead author Dr David Dunstan, a researcher at the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, and colleagues.
  73. extraordinary
    highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable
    "The implication of these findings is that the extraordinary amount of sitting can undo the good effects that we know are a benefit when we get regular exercise," said Dunstan, explaining that research has revealed muscle movement helps the body process blood sugar and blood fats:

    "The absence of movement can slow down our metabolic processes," he explained, adding that:

    "When we're sitting down or even lying on the couch, we're burning the equivalent of the energy we burn when ...
  74. effect
    a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon
    There is emerging evidence that prolonged periods of inactivity affects how our bodies process fats and other substances in a way that contributes to heart risk, and that avoiding sitting for long periods can reduce that effect.
  75. physical
    involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
    While it is widely acknowledged that sitting for hours on end in front TVs, computer and video game screens has contributed to the obesity epidemic in the US and many other nations around the world, the resulting public health message has tended to encourage people to stop doing these sedentary activities and take up physical exercise like play football, swim, or use a treadmill.
  76. minute
    a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour
    In fact the participants in this study reported exercising on average between 30 and 45 minutes a day.
  77. recent
    of the immediate past or just previous to the present time
    He said a recent study in Canada showed that the more time spent sitting for any reason was linked to a higher risk of death from heart-related and also from any cause.
  78. benefit
    something that aids or promotes well-being
    "The implication of these findings is that the extraordinary amount of sitting can undo the good effects that we know are a benefit when we get regular exercise," said Dunstan, explaining that research has revealed muscle movement helps the body process blood sugar and blood fats:

    "The absence of movement can slow down our metabolic processes," he explained, adding that:

    "When we're sitting down or even lying on the couch, we're burning the equivalent of the energy we burn when ...
  79. require
    have need of
    Dr Gerard Fletcher, a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, in Florida, USA, works at his computer standing up:

    "When you stand up, you shuffle around a little bit" said Fletcher: you use muscles not required when you're sitting or lying down.
  80. range
    a variety of different things or activities
    Risk of dying from any cause went up by 11 per cent for each extra TV viewing hour (hazard ratio [HR] for each one-hour increment was 1.11, with 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] ranging from 1.03 to 1.20).
  81. center
    an area that is in the middle of some larger region
    Dr Marc Hamilton, a scientist at Pennnington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge in Louisiana, USA, studies the biology of inactivity.
  82. population
    the people who inhabit a territory or state
    Hamilton cautioned that while population-based studies such as this one can only show links and not causes, he said that his own research into what happens when people and animals become inactive support these findings.
  83. affect
    have an influence upon
    There is emerging evidence that prolonged periods of inactivity affects how our bodies process fats and other substances in a way that contributes to heart risk, and that avoiding sitting for long periods can reduce that effect.
  84. energy
    forceful exertion
    "The implication of these findings is that the extraordinary amount of sitting can undo the good effects that we know are a benefit when we get regular exercise," said Dunstan, explaining that research has revealed muscle movement helps the body process blood sugar and blood fats:

    "The absence of movement can slow down our metabolic processes," he explained, adding that:

    "When we're sitting down or even lying on the couch, we're burning the equivalent of the energy we burn when ...
  85. insist
    be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge
    The authors said one limitation of the study was that the data on TV viewing time and exercise was taken at enrollment and not verified after that; however they insist the findings are consistent with other research.
  86. required
    necessary by rule
    Dr Gerard Fletcher, a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, in Florida, USA, works at his computer standing up:

    "When you stand up, you shuffle around a little bit" said Fletcher: you use muscles not required when you're sitting or lying down.
  87. surprise
    come upon or take unawares
    One of the surprising things they found was that even for people who exercised regularly, the risk of death went up the longer they spent in front of the TV: they suggest the problem was the prolonged periods of sitting still.
  88. level
    a relative position or degree of value in a graded group
    Hamilton said that one day of inactivity leads to a 20 per cent fall in our levels of good cholesterol or HDL, the one that helps move the bad cholesterol or LDL out of the bloodstream.
  89. consider
    think about carefully; weigh
    However, consider this, when you have had your 8 hours sleep, and you have done your 30 to 60 minutes exercise every day, what are you doing for the other 15 hours?
  90. evidence
    knowledge on which to base belief
    There is emerging evidence that prolonged periods of inactivity affects how our bodies process fats and other substances in a way that contributes to heart risk, and that avoiding sitting for long periods can reduce that effect.
  91. issue
    some situation or event that is thought about
    He wasn't involved in this study, but said in a press statement issued by Baker IDI that:

    "If you're not up on your feet moving around, you're sedentary."
  92. occur
    come to pass
    For six years, Dunstan and colleagues followed 8,800 people aged 25 and over who were taking part in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) and found that those who said they watched four or more of TV a day were 46 per cent more likely to die of any cause and 80 per cent more likely to die of cardiovascular disease compared to people who said they spent less than two hours a day in front of their TVs.

    The study revealed the following results:
    The average age of ...
  93. rate
    a quantity considered as a proportion of another quantity
    He was also keen to point out that none of these findings detract from the importance of also doing exercise that makes you sweat and increases your heart rate.
Created on Tue Jan 12 14:21:13 EST 2010

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