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Byrd and Igloo: A Polar Adventure: Chapters 3–4

This nonfiction narrative focuses on the American naval officer Richard Evelyn Byrd, who was accompanied by his dog Igloo, as he explored both the North and South Poles in the mid-1920s.

Here are links to our lists for the book: Chapters 1–2, Chapters 3–4, Chapters 5–6, Chapter 7–Epilogue
40 words 14 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

  1. cumbersome
    difficult to handle or use, especially because of size or weight
    The sweater felt bulky and cumbersome, and it somehow seemed wrong for any self-respecting dog to have to wear it.
  2. grudgingly
    in a reluctant manner
    But it did fend off the bitter Arctic air that chilled his bones. And all of the men were wrapped up in warm winter clothes, too. So Igloo grudgingly accepted it.
  3. flurry
    a rapid active commotion
    There was a flurry of nonstop action on deck, and Igloo didn’t want to miss out.
  4. moor
    secure in or as if in a berth or dock
    Byrd politely asked Amundsen to help make arrangements for the Chantier to be moored to the only dock in the harbor.
  5. raw
    unpleasantly cold and damp
    The wind felt raw and snow fell steadily, accumulating chilly, thin layers on their backs.
  6. makeshift
    done or made using whatever is available
    By early morning the makeshift raft was built.
  7. floe
    a flat mass of ice drifting at sea
    The snow was falling harder now and the ice floes were getting thicker in the water.
  8. fuselage
    the central body of an airplane holding crew and passengers
    Everyone breathed a sigh of relief when the wing was secured to the fuselage.
  9. charter
    engage for service under a term of contract
    Luckily, Byrd received some much-needed help from Norwegian Captain Astrup Holm, whose cargo ship the Hobby was being chartered by Amundsen and was nearby.
  10. sheer
    complete and without restriction
    Together, using boat hooks, ice picks, and sheer brute force, they chopped the ice and shoved it out of the way, carving out an opening and exposing the deep black water.
  11. endeavor
    a purposeful or industrious undertaking
    But Igloo was on the raft with Byrd, giving his full support to the endeavor. It was slow going. Many of the men had never rowed a boat before, and one was using his oar backward.
  12. incline
    an elevated geological formation
    “It surely was a muscle-tearing job for them to get the plane and equipment up to the top of the long incline through the deep snow.”
  13. stoic
    seeming unaffected by pleasure or pain; impassive
    Although he was stoic and uncomplaining, Igloo was sent back to the anchored ship where he warmed his paws by the heat of the stove in Cook Tennant’s galley.
  14. reckoning
    a time or act of being held accountable; a settling of accounts
    May 3 was a day of reckoning for Byrd.
    “Bennett and I were not half so worried about breaking our necks on the polar ice as we were about smashing our plane on the takeoff,” Byrd said.
  15. ominous
    presaging ill fortune
    The plane’s motors roared to life and it jetted down the icy runway. Suddenly, there was an ominous silence, and the plane skidded uncontrollably right into a snowdrift.
  16. consumption
    the act of using something up
    He and Bennett flew the plane for two hours in a test run. They were happily surprised there was low gas consumption. This meant there was a good chance they could make a nonstop, round-trip flight to the North Pole and back.
  17. methodical
    characterized by orderliness
    Haines, who everyone called “Cyclone,” was always calm, slow, and methodical—unless there was an emergency.
  18. critical
    urgently needed; absolutely necessary
    His skill as a meteorologist was critical to Byrd’s success. If the weather report was wrong, it could spell disaster for Byrd and Bennett.
  19. hangar
    a structure where aircraft can be stored and maintained
    It circled around and lowered itself to the ground by its hangar on the snow-covered hill, right behind Byrd’s runway and two hundred yards from his airplane.
  20. apparatus
    equipment designed to serve a specific function
    “I knew that if the landing apparatus would stand the strain,” Byrd said, “we would eventually take off for the Pole with enough fuel to get there.”
  21. trinket
    a small cheap ornament, knickknack, or piece of jewelry
    The stuff consisted of trinkets, such as flags, pictures, and hats that the crew wanted to make the trip over the North Pole so they would have souvenirs.
  22. throttle
    a valve that regulates the supply of fuel to the engine
    Holding his hands on the throttles, Bennett went full speed ahead.
  23. fluctuation
    the quality of being unsteady and subject to changes
    Byrd also had to take into account the compass’s fluctuations in this part of the world. The force of the magnetism isn’t as strong, causing it to fluctuate. And once the plane passed the magnetic North Pole, which was 1,200 miles to the south of the geographic North Pole (the northernmost point on Earth), the needle of the compass no longer pointed to north—it pointed south.
  24. humdrum
    not challenging; dull and lacking excitement
    Igloo settled into his life on board the ship on his return to New York, and with the excitement of the North Pole flight behind him, everything else almost seemed humdrum.
  25. pandemonium
    a state of extreme confusion and disorder
    When Byrd and Igloo arrived in New York on the morning of June 22, 1926, it was all-out pandemonium. The crowds were cheering wildly, waving flags and hats. It was an earsplitting welcome home, as airplanes flew overhead, ships blew whistles, and fireboats sprayed water like geysers.
  26. distinguished
    standing above others in character or attainment
    Byrd received the Hubbard medal, the highest award, and Bennett received a gold medal “for his distinguished service for flying to the North Pole” with Byrd.
  27. imposing
    befitting an important, distinguished, or powerful person
    He was not used to speaking in front of thousands of people, and it was an imposing crowd—full of influential political leaders.
  28. calisthenics
    light exercises designed to promote general fitness
    Once Byrd was awake, Igloo would snap to attention and watch Byrd perform his morning calisthenics.
  29. esplanade
    a stretch of pavement or grass for walking by the seashore
    One of the best times of day for Igloo was when he and Byrd took a brisk walk along the Charles River Esplanade.
  30. uncanny
    surpassing the ordinary or normal
    But like the candy Igloo couldn’t resist—Igloo had the uncanny ability to hear crinkling candy wrappers at great distances—the children’s madcap games and adventures proved to be irresistible.
  31. practical
    having or put to an actual purpose or use
    And if Byrd could successfully fly across the Atlantic in a heavy trimotor plane, then he could prove that commercial oceanic flights were not only possible but practical, thereby opening the doors for the development of an airline industry.
  32. catwalk
    a narrow pathway high in the air
    Byrd and Bennett also had catwalks added to the outside of the plane so they could fix mechanical problems mid-flight—they would just have to hang on tight.
  33. grim
    filled with melancholy and despondency
    They knew the outlook was grim. There was too much weight in the front of the plane, and the fuel tank, which was running on empty, was blocking Byrd and Noville from the back of the plane.
  34. wane
    become smaller
    Although Charles “Lucky Lindy” Lindbergh had already successfully crossed the Atlantic in a single engine plane all by himself, Byrd’s enthusiasm had not waned despite the fact that Bennett wouldn’t be flying with him.
  35. renowned
    widely known and esteemed
    Replacing Bennett as the copilot was mustached Bert Acosta, a renowned stunt flier and naval reserve officer.
  36. augury
    an event indicating important things to come
    He saw a beautiful bright rainbow, and it seemed to be moving with the plane.
    “I could not help but think it was an augury of a good omen,” said Byrd.
  37. hamper
    prevent the progress or free movement of
    “The ice-barrier, the frightful weather, and the lack of animal life are a few of the things that have hampered exploration,” said Byrd.
  38. insuperable
    impossible to surmount
    “Taken together they form almost insuperable obstacles.”
  39. treacherous
    dangerously unstable and unpredictable
    Flying to the South Pole would be more treacherous than flying to the North Pole.
  40. marooned
    cut off or left behind
    But four months before the first ship was to set sail to Antarctica, Bennett piloted a rescue flight to save the lives of four marooned flyers who had set out to fly across the Atlantic, but were forced to crash-land on Greenly Island in Canada.
Created on Sun Jul 21 17:43:05 EDT 2024 (updated Mon Jul 22 13:21:47 EDT 2024)

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