-
aboriginal
having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state
-
abrogate
revoke formally
-
accusative case
the case of nouns serving as the direct object of a verb
-
acquisition
something acquired
-
adage
a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people
-
advocacy
active support of an idea or cause etc.; especially the act of pleading or arguing for something
-
affluent
having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value
-
Afghanistan
a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia; bordered by Iran to the west and Russia to the north and Pakistan to the east and south
-
agrarian
relating to rural matters
-
ague
successive stages of chills and fever that is a symptom of malaria
-
Albanian
of or relating to Albania or its people or language or culture
-
alternately
in an alternating sequence or position
-
anachronistic
chronologically misplaced
-
analysis
the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts in order to study the parts and their relations
-
ancestry
the descendants of one individual
-
annuity
income from capital investment paid in a series of regular payments
-
annulment
the act of abrogating; an official or legal cancellation
-
anomaly
deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule
-
aspect
a characteristic to be considered
-
asphodel
any of various chiefly Mediterranean plants of the genera Asphodeline and Asphodelus having linear leaves and racemes of white or pink or yellow flowers
-
assassinated
murdered by surprise attack for political reasons
-
Auguste Comte
French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism; he also established sociology as a systematic field of study
-
Australian
of or relating to or characteristic of Australia or its inhabitants or its languages
-
axiom
(logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident
-
Bangladesh
a Muslim republic in southern Asia bordered by India to the north and west and east and the Bay of Bengal to the south; formerly part of India and then part of Pakistan; it achieved independence in 1971
-
Barbados
easternmost of the West Indies about 300 miles to the north of Venezuela
-
Basque
a member of a people of unknown origin living in the western Pyrenees in France and Spain
-
Beijing
capital of the People's Republic of China in the Hebei province in northeastern China; 2nd largest Chinese city
-
beset
assail or attack on all sides: "The zebra was beset by leopards"
-
bloc
a group of countries in special alliance
-
Bolivia
a landlocked republic in central South America; Simon Bolivar founded Bolivia in 1825 after winning independence from Spain
-
bollard
a strong post (as on a wharf or quay or ship for attaching mooring lines)
-
Bosnian
of or relating to or characteristic of Bosnia-Herzegovina or the people of Bosnia
-
Botswana
a landlocked republic in south-central Africa that became independent from British control in the 1960s
-
bowdlerize
edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate
-
bromidic
given to uttering bromides
-
Burma
a mountainous republic in southeastern Asia on the Bay of Bengal
-
Burmese
of or relating to or characteristic of Myanmar or its people
-
Burnham
United States architect who designed the first important skyscraper with a skeleton (1846-1912)
-
Cairo
the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa; a major port just to the south of the Nile delta; formerly the home of the Pharaohs
-
canoodle
fondle or pet affectionately
-
canvass
get the opinions (of people) by asking specific questions
-
centrifugal
tending to move away from a center
-
cephalopodan
relating or belonging to the class Cephalopoda
-
charismatic
possessing an extraordinary ability to attract
-
Chile
a republic in southern South America on the western slopes of the Andes on the south Pacific coast
-
cicerone
a guide who conducts and informs sightseers
-
civilian
a nonmilitary citizen
-
clarification
the act of removing solid particles from a liquid
-
clergy
in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity)
-
coincide
happen simultaneously
-
commonality
sharing of common attributes
-
communism
a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society
-
communist
relating to or marked by communism
-
compliance
the act of submitting; usually surrendering power to another
-
comprehensible
capable of being comprehended or understood
-
comptroller
someone who maintains and audits business accounts
-
conceptual
being or characterized by concepts or their formation
-
concretize
make something concrete
-
confiscated
-
congeries
a sum total of many heterogenous things taken together
-
Congo
a major African river (one of the world's longest); flows through Congo into the South Atlantic
-
connivance
agreement on a secret plot
-
connotation
an idea that is implied or suggested
-
connote
express or state indirectly
-
consumption
the act of consuming something
-
contemplate
think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes
-
cordial
politely warm and friendly
-
correlated
mutually related
-
coterie
an exclusive circle of people with a common purpose
-
culminate
end, especially to reach a final or climactic stage
-
cynical
believing the worst of human nature and motives; having a sneering disbelief in e.g. selflessness of others
-
Czech
of or relating to Czechoslovakia or its people or their language
-
Damascus
an ancient city (widely regarded as the world's oldest) and present capital and largest city of Syria; according to the New Testament, the Apostle Paul (then known as Saul) underwent a dramatic conversion on the road to Damascus
-
daunting
discouraging through fear
-
daw
common black-and-grey Eurasian bird noted for thievery
-
defunct
no longer in force or use; inactive
-
degradation
changing to a lower state (a less respected state)
-
deign
do something that one considers to be below one's dignity
-
deity
any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force
-
Delphi
an ancient Greek city on the slopes of Mount Parnassus; site of the oracle of Delphi
-
denominate
assign a name or title to
-
denote
have as a meaning
-
densely
in a stupid manner
-
depict
give a description of
-
derivative
a compound obtained from, or regarded as derived from, another compound
-
designated
-
doctorate
one of the highest earned academic degrees conferred by a university
-
domestic
a servant who is paid to perform menial tasks around the household
-
dramatic
pertaining to or characteristic of drama
-
durable
existing for a long time
-
dynamics
the branch of mechanics concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies
-
economic
of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth
-
economist
an expert in the science of economics
-
economy
the system of production and distribution and consumption
-
effervescence
the process of bubbling as gas escapes
-
egalitarian
favoring social equality
-
Emile Durkheim
French sociologist and first professor of sociology at the Sorbonne (1858-1917)
-
encompass
include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory
-
equitably
in an equitable manner
-
equity
conformity with rules or standards
-
eradicate
destroy completely, as if down to the roots
-
ethnic
denoting or deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of people
-
euro
the basic monetary unit of most members of the European Union (introduced in 1999); in 2002 twelve European nations (Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Austria, Finland) adopted the euro as their basic unit of money and abandoned their traditional currencies
-
excessive
beyond normal limits
-
expenditure
the act of spending money for goods or services
-
facilitate
make easier
-
famine
a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
-
fascist
an adherent of fascism or other right-wing authoritarian views
-
feminism
a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
-
Ferdinand I
king of Castile and Leon who achieved control of the Moorish kings of Saragossa and Seville and Toledo (1016-1065)
-
Fischer
German chemist noted for work on synthetic sugars and the purines (1852-1919)
-
fluctuate
move or sway in a rising and falling or wavelike pattern
-
forfeit
lose (s.th.) or lose the right to (s.th.) by some error, offense, or crime
-
forum
a public facility to meet for open discussion
-
fraudulent
intended to deceive
-
frieze
an architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice
-
Gaza
a coastal region at the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean bordering Israel and Egypt
-
Ghana
a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea
-
gladiolus
any of numerous plants of the genus Gladiolus native chiefly to tropical and South Africa having sword-shaped leaves and one-sided spikes of brightly colored funnel-shaped flowers; widely cultivated
-
grenadine
thin syrup made from pomegranate juice; used in mixed drinks
-
Guatemala
a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; noted for low per capita income and illiteracy; politically unstable
-
gustatory
of or relating to gustation
-
ha-ha
a loud laugh that sounds like a horse neighing
-
Haiti
an island in the West Indies
-
Hamas
a militant Islamic fundamentalist political movement that opposes peace with Israel and uses terrorism as a weapon; seeks to create an Islamic state in place of Israel; is opposed to the PLO and has become a leading perpetrator of terrorist activity in Israel; pioneered suicide bombing
-
hauteur
overbearing pride evidenced by a superior manner toward inferiors
-
hefty
of considerable weight and size
-
Hizbullah
a Shiite terrorist organization with strong ties to Iran; seeks to create an Iranian fundamentalist Islamic state in Lebanon; car bombs are the signature weapon
-
humiliating
causing awareness of your shortcomings
-
impoverished
poor enough to need help from others
-
imprecision
the quality of lacking precision
-
inadequate
lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task
-
Indonesia
a republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions
-
inequality
lack of equality
-
inferiority
the state of being inferior
-
inflation
the act of filling something with air
-
infraction
a crime less serious than a felony
-
infrastructure
the basic structure or features of a system or organization
-
infrequently
not many times
-
initially
at the beginning
-
instability
a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium
-
insurgency
an organized rebellion aimed at overthrowing a constituted government through the use of subversion and armed conflict
-
interchangeable
capable of replacing or changing places with something else; permitting mutual substitution without loss of function or suitability
-
interchangeably
in an interchangeable manner
-
intermediary
a negotiator who acts as a link between parties
-
intermediation
the act of intervening for the purpose of bringing about a settlement
-
intuitive
spontaneously derived from or prompted by a natural tendency
-
Iran
a theocratic Islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil
-
irony
incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs
-
Israeli
a native or inhabitant of Israel
-
jocular
characterized by jokes and good humor
-
Keynesian
of or relating to John Maynard Keynes or to his economic theories
-
kittiwake
small pearl-grey gull of northern regions; nests on cliffs and has a rudimentary hind toe
-
Klein
United States fashion designer noted for understated fashions (born in 1942)
-
Kosovo
a Serbian province in southern Serbia and Montenegro populated predominantly by Albanians
-
Kuwait
an Arab kingdom in Asia on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf; a major source of petroleum
-
Kyrgyzstan
a landlocked republic in west central Asia bordering on northwestern China; formerly an Asian soviet but became independent in 1991
-
Lebanon
an Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean
-
Lesotho
a landlocked constitutional monarchy in southern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966
-
liberal
showing or characterized by broad-mindedness
-
liquidity
the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility
-
literal
limited to the explicit meaning of a word or text
-
lubberly
clumsy and unskilled
-
lucrative
producing a sizeable profit
-
madrigal
an unaccompanied partsong for 2 or 3 voices; follows a strict poetic form
-
magnitude
the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small)
-
Malawi
a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964
-
Mandela
South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918)
-
manifest
clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
-
manifestation
a clear appearance
-
manikin
a life-size dummy used to display clothes
-
manipulate
influence or control shrewdly or deviously
-
massacre
the savage and excessive killing of many people
-
maturity
the period of time in your life after your physical growth has stopped and you are fully developed
-
Mauritius
a parliamentary state on the island of Mauritius
-
metaphysical
pertaining to or of the nature of metaphysics
-
minimal
the least possible
-
mired
entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire
-
modernization
making modern in appearance or behavior
-
momentum
the product of a body's mass and its velocity
-
monetarist
an advocate of the theory that economic fluctuations are caused by increases or decreases in the supply of money
-
Mongolia
a landlocked socialist republic in central Asia
-
mosque
(Islam) a Muslim place of worship that usually has a minaret
-
mountebank
a flamboyant deceiver; one who attracts customers with tricks or jokes
-
Mozambique
a republic on the southeastern coast of Africa on the Mozambique Channel; became independent from Portugal in 1975
-
municipal
relating or belonging to or characteristic of a municipality
-
Myanmar
a mountainous republic in southeastern Asia on the Bay of Bengal
-
Namibia
a republic in southwestern Africa on the south Atlantic coast (formerly called South West Africa); achieved independence from South Africa in 1990; the greater part of Namibia forms part of the high Namibian plateau of South Africa
-
Nepal
a small landlocked Asian country high in the Himalayas between India and China
-
Netherlands
a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level
-
neutrality
nonparticipation in a dispute or war
-
nominal
relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name
-
normative
relating to or dealing with norms
-
obbligato
a part of the score that must be performed without change or omission
-
objectionable
causing disapproval or protest
-
objectivity
judgment based on observable phenomena and uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices
-
optimism
the optimistic feeling that all is going to turn out well
-
optimistic
expecting the best in this best of all possible worlds
-
origin
the place where something begins, where it springs into being
-
orthodox
adhering to what is commonly accepted
-
oust
remove from a position or office
-
pacifism
the doctrine that all violence is unjustifiable
-
paleobotany
the study of fossil plants
-
paramount
having superior power and influence
-
paraphrasis
rewording for the purpose of clarification
-
parvenu
a person who has suddenly risen to a higher economic status but has not gained social acceptance of others in that class
-
pejorative
expressing disapproval
-
pelter
a thrower of missiles
-
per capita
per person
-
peradventure
by chance
-
Peruvian
of or relating to or characteristic of Peru or its people
-
piquant
having an agreeably pungent taste
-
pivotal
being of crucial importance
-
polysemy
the ambiguity of an individual word or phrase that can be used (in different contexts) to express two or more different meanings
-
pomegranate
shrub or small tree native to southwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit
-
precious
of high worth or cost
-
precision
the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance
-
predominantly
much greater in number or influence
-
premise
a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn
-
prestige
a high standing achieved through success or influence or wealth etc.
-
Pretoria
city in the Transvaal; the seat of the executive branch of the government of South Africa
-
prod
to push against gently
-
profusion
the property of being extremely abundant
-
prosperity
the condition of prospering; having good fortune
-
protestant
protesting
-
quasi
having some resemblance
-
regime
the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit
-
relevant
having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
-
repetitious
characterized by repetition
-
repression
the act of repressing; control by holding down
-
residual
relating to or indicating a remainder
-
revered
profoundly honored
-
revolt
make revolution
-
rural
living in or characteristic of farming or country life
-
Rwanda
a landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony
-
Saddam Hussein
Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran; his invasion of Kuwait led to the Gulf War (born in 1937)
-
Saharan
of or relating to or located in the Sahara Desert
-
salient
having a quality that thrusts itself into attention
-
satrap
a governor of a province in ancient Persia
-
segmentation
the act of dividing or partitioning; separation by the creation of a boundary that divides or keeps apart
-
Serbian
of or relating to the people or language or culture of the region of Serbia
-
Shebat
the fifth month of the civil year: the eleventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar (in January and February)
-
Sierra Leone
a republic in West Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1961
-
simultaneously
at the same instant
-
Singapore
an island to the south of the Malay Peninsula
-
societal
relating to human society and its members
-
socioeconomic
involving social as well as economic factors
-
sociology
the study and classification of human societies
-
sovereignty
the authority of a state to govern another state
-
spectrum
a broad range of related objects or values or qualities or ideas or activities
-
sporadic
recurring in scattered and irregular or unpredictable instances
-
spurious
plausible but false
-
squander
spend thoughtlessly; throw away
-
Sri Lanka
a republic on the island of Ceylon; became independent of the United Kingdom in 1948
-
stagnation
a state of inactivity (in business or art etc)
-
stellar
being or relating to or resembling or emanating from stars
-
stern
of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect
-
stevedore
a laborer who loads and unloads vessels in a port
-
stipulate
specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement
-
stringent
demanding strict attention to rules and procedures
-
subnormality
the state of being less than normal (especially with respect to intelligence)
-
subsequent
following in time or order
-
subsequently
happening at a time subsequent to a reference time
-
substantial
having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary
-
substantive
having a firm basis in reality and being therefore important, meaningful, or considerable
-
suffrage
a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment
-
Suharto
Indonesian statesman who seized power from Sukarno in 1967 (born in 1921)
-
sumptuary
regulating or controlling expenditure or personal behavior
-
superimposed
placed on or over something else
-
supernumerary
more than is needed, desired, or required
-
surmise
infer from incomplete evidence
-
synoptic
presenting a summary or general view of a whole
-
Syria
an Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization
-
Taiwan
an island in southeastern Asia 100 miles off the coast of mainland China in the South China Sea
-
tamp
press down tightly
-
Tanzania
a republic in eastern Africa
-
Tehran
the capital and largest city of Iran; located in northern Iran
-
terminology
a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline
-
Thailand
a country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the Isthmus of Kra to the Malay Peninsula
-
theocracy
a political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided)
-
theoretical
concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses rather than practical considerations
-
torture
the deliberate, systematic, or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons in an attempt to force another person to yield information or to make a confession or for any other reason
-
tribunal
an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business
-
triumphantly
in a triumphant manner
-
tsunami
a cataclysm resulting from a destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption
-
twain
two items of the same kind
-
unanticipated
not anticipated
-
uncanny
surpassing the ordinary or normal
-
upsurge
a sudden or abrupt strong increase
-
usage
the act of using
-
Utopian
of or pertaining to or resembling a utopia
-
varied
characterized by variety
-
velocity
distance travelled per unit time
-
Venezuela
a republic in northern South America on the Caribbean; achieved independence from Spain in 1811; rich in oil
-
vulnerability
the state of being vulnerable or exposed
-
vulnerable
capable of being wounded or hurt
-
Winston Churchill
British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953 (1874-1965)
-
woodsy
characteristic or suggestive of woods
-
Yemen
a republic on the southwestern shores of the Arabian Peninsula on the Indian Ocean; formed in 1990
-
Zimbabwe
a landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980