- Types:
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reproductive structure
the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction
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septum
a partition or wall especially in an ovary
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honey gland, nectary
a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar
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archegonium
a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms
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calyx tube, floral cup, hypanthium
the cuplike or ringlike or tubular structure of a flower which bears the sepals and stamens and calyx (as in Rosaceae)
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chlamys, floral envelope, perianth, perigone, perigonium
collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamens and pistils
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magic mushroom, mescal button, sacred mushroom
the button-shaped top of the mescal cactus; a source of psilocybin
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cup
cup-shaped plant organ
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hypobasidium
special cell constituting the base of the basidium in various fungi especially of the order Tremellales
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galea
an organ shaped like a helmet; usually a vaulted and enlarged petal as in Aconitum
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gill, lamella
any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus
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fruiting body
an organ specialized for producing spores
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root
(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground
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root cap
thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root
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root hair
thin hairlike outgrowth of an epidermal cell just behind the tip; absorbs nutrients from the soil
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offset, runner, stolon
a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips
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stalk, stem
a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
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capitulum, head
a dense cluster of flowers or foliage
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foliage, leaf, leafage
the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants
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sprout
any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud
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ascocarp
mature fruiting body of an ascomycetous fungus
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acervulus
small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi
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basidiocarp
the fruiting body of a basidiomycete which bears its spores on special cells
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agamete
an asexual reproductive cell
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fructification
organs of fruiting (especially the reproductive parts of ferns and mosses)
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gleba
fleshy spore-bearing inner mass of e.g. a puffball or stinkhorn
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hymenium
spore-bearing layer of cells in certain fungi containing asci or basidia
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spore case, sporocarp
specialized leaf branch in certain aquatic ferns that encloses the sori or clusters of sporangia
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bloom, blossom, flower
reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts
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stamen
the male reproductive organ of a flower
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anther
the part of the stamen that contains pollen; usually borne on a stalk
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pistil
the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma
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gynophore
the stalk of a pistil that raises it above the receptacle
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style
(botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma
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stigma
the apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil
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carpophore
a slender stalk that furnishes an axis for a carpel
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corn stalk, cornstalk
the stalk of a corn plant
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filament
the stalk of a stamen
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funicle, funiculus
the stalk of a plant ovule or seed
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petiolule
the stalk of a leaflet
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ovary
the organ that bears the ovules of a flower
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ovule
a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization
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placenta
that part of the ovary of a flowering plant where the ovules form
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placentation
arrangement of the ovules in the placenta and of the placentas in the ovary
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episperm, seed coat, testa
protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants
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endosperm
nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo within seeds of flowering plants
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gemma
small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual
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cone, strobile, strobilus
cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts
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cataphyll
a reduced or scarcely developed leaf at the start of a plant's life (i.e., cotyledons) or in the early stages of leaf development
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floral leaf
a modified leaf that is part of a flower
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calamus
the aromatic root of the sweet flag used medicinally
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cocoyam, dasheen, eddo, taro
edible starchy tuberous root of taro plants
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ginseng
aromatic root of ginseng plants
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horseradish, horseradish root
the root of the horseradish plant; it is grated or ground and used for seasoning
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radish
pungent edible root of any of various cultivated radish plants
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chicory, chicory root
the dried root of the chicory plant: used as a coffee substitute
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dandelion green
the foliage of the dandelion plant
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oyster plant, salsify
edible root of the salsify plant
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Hottentot bread, Hottentot's bread
thick edible rootstock of elephant's-foot
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cane
a strong slender often flexible stem as of bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane
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briarroot
hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea
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acorn cup, cupule
cup-shaped structure of hardened bracts at the base of an acorn
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orris, orrisroot
fragrant rootstock of various irises especially Florentine iris; used in perfumes and medicines
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falls
the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)
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sarsaparilla root
dried root of any of various plants of the genus Smilax used as a flavoring agent
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licorice root
root of licorice used in flavoring e.g. candy and liqueurs and medicines
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senega
dried root of two plants of the genus Polygala containing an irritating saponin
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pitcher
(botany) a leaf that that is modified in such a way as to resemble a pitcher or ewer
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mandrake, mandrake root
the root of the mandrake plant; used medicinally or as a narcotic
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cassava, manioc
cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca
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carrot
deep orange edible root of the cultivated carrot plant
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parsnip
the whitish root of cultivated parsnip
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basidium
a small club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the ends of minute projections; unique to basidiomycetes
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aecium
fruiting body of some rust fungi bearing chains of aeciospores
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antheridium
the male sex organ of spore-producing plants; produces antherozoids; equivalent to the anther in flowers
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sporophyl, sporophyll
leaf in ferns and mosses that bears the sporangia
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sporangium, spore case, spore sac
organ containing or producing spores
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sporangiophore
stalk bearing one or more sporangia
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ascus
saclike structure in which ascospores are formed through sexual reproduction of ascomycetes
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sporophore
a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores; in ferns and mosses and liverworts is practically equivalent to the sporophyte
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gametangium
cell or organ in which gametes develop
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gametoecium
gametangia and surrounding bracts
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gametophore
a modified branch bearing gametangia as in the thalloid liverworts
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sorus
cluster of sporangia usually on underside of a fern frond
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sorus
a spore-producing structure in certain lichens and fungi
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pneumatophore
an air-filled root (submerged or exposed) that can function as a respiratory organ of a marsh or swamp plant
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taproot
(botany) main root of a plant growing straight downward from the stem
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adventitious root
root growing in an unusual location e.g. from a stem
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rootlet
small root or division of a root
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prop root
a root that grows from and supports the stem above the ground in plants such as mangroves
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cutting, slip
a part (sometimes a root or leaf or bud) removed from a plant to propagate a new plant through rooting or grafting
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tuber
a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage
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rhizome, rootstalk, rootstock
a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure
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axis
the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
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caudex
woody stem of palms and tree ferns
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beanstalk
stem of a bean plant
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cladode, cladophyll, phylloclad, phylloclade
a flattened stem resembling and functioning as a leaf
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caudex, stock
persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant
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stipe
supporting stalk or stem-like structure especially of a pistil or fern frond or supporting a mushroom cap
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flower stalk, scape
erect leafless flower stalk growing directly from the ground as in a tulip
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leafstalk, petiole
the slender stem that supports the blade of a leaf
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blade, leaf blade
especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole
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bulb
a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure
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corm
solid swollen underground bulb-shaped stem or stem base and serving as a reproductive structure
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fruit
the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant
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amplexicaul leaf
a leaf with its base clasping the stem
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greenery, verdure
green foliage
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leaflet
part of a compound leaf
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frond
compound leaf of a fern or palm or cycad
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pad
the large floating leaf of an aquatic plant (as the water lily)
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scale, scale leaf
a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin
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fig leaf
a leaf from a fig tree
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simple leaf
a leaf that is not divided into parts
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compound leaf
a leaf composed of a number of leaflets on a common stalk
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entire leaf
a leaf having a smooth margin without notches or indentations
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crenate leaf
a leaf having a scalloped margin
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serrate leaf
a leaf having a margin notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex
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dentate leaf
a leaf having a toothed margin
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emarginate leaf
a leaf having a notch at the apex
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erose leaf
a leaf having a jagged margin as though gnawed
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runcinate leaf
a leaf having incised margins with the lobes or teeth curved toward the base; as a dandelion leaf
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lobed leaf
a leaf having deeply indented margins
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parallel-veined leaf
a leaf whose veins run in parallel from the stem
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parted leaf
a leaf having margins incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes
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prickly-edged leaf
a leaf having prickly margins
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rosette
a cluster of leaves growing in crowded circles from a common center or crown (usually at or close to the ground)
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branch
a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant
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culm
stem of plants of the Gramineae
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halm, haulm
stems of beans and peas and potatoes and grasses collectively as used for thatching and bedding
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shoot
a new branch
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bud
a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals
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bole, tree trunk, trunk
the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber
