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Fallout: Part 2

In this follow-up to Bomb, the award-winning author shows how the development of the atomic bomb led to tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union that threatened massive destruction for nearly fifty years after World War II.

Here are links to our lists for the book: Prologue–Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Epilogue
40 words 5 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

  1. convey
    serve as a means for expressing something
    Gasa husked a coconut and used hand gestures to convey his idea.
  2. cadaverous
    very thin, especially from disease or hunger or cold
    Eighteen years later, still thin but no longer cadaverous, John Kennedy sat in the bathtub in his Washington home, soaking a back that had never fully healed, practicing the inaugural address he’d give in a few hours.
  3. decisive
    characterized by resoluteness and firmness
    He’d worked through many drafts and revisions to get it just right—short and decisive, focused on the dangerous road ahead.
  4. drab
    lacking brightness or color; dull
    The walls were bare, freshly painted a drab green she knew her boss would hate.
  5. splay
    widen or spread apart
    He’d hit the snow and collapsed, arms and legs splayed at odd angles.
  6. borscht
    a soup containing beet juice as a foundation
    They also added a recording of a woman reading a recipe for borscht.
  7. prod
    poke or thrust abruptly
    Two years before, Gagarin had been selected as one of two thousand candidates for a job that did not yet exist—cosmonaut, the Russian term for astronaut. They’d all been prodded and tested, examined inside and out, and given fiendishly difficult tasks such as solving math problems while wearing headphones through which a friendly voice whispered incorrect answers.
  8. utter
    complete
    What about the loneliness a cosmonaut might feel in space? Could a human handle such utter isolation without going insane?
  9. porthole
    a window in a ship or airplane
    The cramped cabin had three small portholes, radio equipment, and instrument panels.
  10. gauge
    an instrument for measuring and indicating a quantity
    In their bombproof control bunker—protection against the very real possibility that the rocket would explode and land on them—Sergei Korolev and his team sat at consoles watching screens and gauges.
  11. ensuing
    following immediately and as a result of what went before
    Batista’s soldiers sped to the scene, and the ensuing firefight reduced Castro’s force to twenty-one.
  12. impose
    inflict something unpleasant
    The U.S. government struck back by imposing a trade embargo on Cuba, blocking the sale of Cuban sugar in the United States—a devastating blow to Cuba’s economy.
  13. embargo
    a government order imposing a trade barrier
    The U.S. government struck back by imposing a trade embargo on Cuba, blocking the sale of Cuban sugar in the United States—a devastating blow to Cuba’s economy.
  14. barrage
    the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area
    As the sun rose at the Bay of Pigs on April 17, hundreds of men fought through chest-high blue-green water, lugging guns and radios and cases of ammunition, stumbling on coral, facing a steady barrage of bullets as they struggled up to the beach.
  15. strafe
    attack from above with machine guns or cannon fire
    Castro only had a few planes, but here they were at the worst possible time, unopposed, dropping low and strafing San Román’s men in the water and in their open landing crafts.
  16. beachhead
    an initial position on a shoreline taken by an invading army
    The brigade had captured a long beachhead. But how were they going to fight their way inland?
  17. reception
    a formal party
    After dinner, an aide reminded Kennedy that it was time to dress for the White House’s congressional reception that evening. A formal gala was the last thing Kennedy was in the mood for, but twelve hundred guests were on their way.
  18. seethe
    be in an agitated emotional state
    In public, Kennedy accepted blame for the Bay of Pigs disaster. Privately, he seethed at what he saw as lousy advice from the CIA and military leaders.
  19. elaborate
    marked by complexity and richness of detail
    Possibly, his offer was part of an elaborate Russian trick.
  20. garbled
    lacking orderly continuity
    A voice began speaking in terribly garbled Russian.
  21. flank
    be located at the sides of something or somebody
    Oleg Penkovsky came through customs carrying two large suitcases, flanked by the six other members of his delegation.
  22. artillery
    large but transportable armament
    He’d graduated from Kiev Artillery School at age twenty, just as World War II began, and fought his way across Europe in an anti-tank regiment, sustaining serious wounds from a shell fragment that fractured his jaw and knocked out six teeth.
  23. sustain
    undergo, as of injuries and illnesses
    He’d graduated from Kiev Artillery School at age twenty, just as World War II began, and fought his way across Europe in an anti-tank regiment, sustaining serious wounds from a shell fragment that fractured his jaw and knocked out six teeth.
  24. disillusioned
    freed from false ideas
    He was disillusioned with Soviet life, the lack of freedom, the constant fear.
  25. revel
    take delight in
    Also, he reveled in the role of Cold War spy, a real-life James Bond. He looked forward to receiving the personal thanks of Queen Elizabeth and President Kennedy.
  26. customs
    the place at an airport or port where officials screen incoming travelers and goods
    It was illegal to bring all this Western loot into the Soviet Union, but Penkovsky breezed through customs without a search—the goodies were for his bosses, and they made sure he wasn’t bothered.
  27. oppressive
    marked by unjust severity or arbitrary behavior
    West Berlin was essentially an island of freedom inside an oppressive police state.
  28. banter
    light teasing repartee
    Khrushchev explained: he could have released Powers, the American pilot, right before the election. That would have helped Kennedy’s opponent, Vice President Nixon.
    Kennedy, smiling for the cameras, said, “Don’t spread that story around.”
    Just a little friendly banter.
  29. esteem
    an attitude of admiration
    Communism was going to spread around the world, Khrushchev argued. The Americans could not accept this—that was the cause of Cold War tensions. To prevent war, the United States would have to back down. “The Soviet Union supports its ideas and holds them in high esteem,” Khrushchev said.
  30. ministry
    a government department
    In the Ministry of Defense building in Moscow, Oleg Penkovsky shut himself in a room of secret files.
  31. ballistic
    of the motion of objects moving under their own momentum
    “If a third world war breaks out, no ocean will protect America. It is very dangerous to play with fire in the age of hydrogen bombs and ballistic rockets.”
  32. backfire
    return with an undesired effect
    But almost immediately, the Berlin Wall began to backfire on Khrushchev.
  33. unprecedented
    novel; having no earlier occurrence
    “The United States and its allies are spinning the flywheel of their military machine ever faster,” charged the official Soviet statement, “fanning up the arms race to unprecedented scope, increasing the strength of armies, making the tension of the international situation red-hot.”
  34. ominous
    threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments
    “Like twenty years ago,” the statement continued, “ominous clouds of war are once again overhanging the approaches to our motherland.”
  35. yield
    the quantity of something that is created
    In a secret lab in the Ural Mountains, the Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov and his team devised a new kind of hydrogen bomb. They named it Big Ivan. Its yield, they calculated, would be in the range of one hundred megatons.
  36. stark
    devoid of any qualifications or disguise or adornment
    Khrushchev had hoped the Berlin Wall would be a symbol of Soviet strength. Instead, it became a stark symbol of what was at stake in the Cold War. When communists take over, they lock you behind a wall.
  37. resumption
    beginning again
    Kennedy had ordered the resumption of underground testing of H-bombs in September, and he wanted a better understanding of the dangers of fallout.
  38. mortar
    a substance used as a bond in masonry or for covering a wall
    He poured a little sulfuric acid on the mortar between two bricks. Fifteen minutes later, he was able to work the tip of a screwdriver through the softened mortar.
  39. blatant
    without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious
    Zigurd, in blatant violation of prison rules, was standing on a cabinet, looking down.
  40. ploy
    a maneuver in a game, conversation, or situation
    “You must be feeling rather tired,” he said. “Why don’t you rest for a few minutes in the hostess’s bedroom?”
    A clever ploy to steal a moment alone? Or a trick to set her up, catch her in the act?
Created on Tue Sep 03 10:52:54 EDT 2024 (updated Wed Sep 04 15:11:19 EDT 2024)

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