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EHAP Unit Four 29 words

January 13, 2010 By Michael P.

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Definitions Notes & Examples Words Only
  1. Johannes Kepler
    German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)
    B. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
    1.
  2. heliocentric
    having the sun as the center
    II. The Heliocentric View of the Universe
    A. Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543)
    1.
  3. witch-hunt
    searching out and harassing dissenters
    V. The Rise and Fall of Witch Hunts
    A. Witchcraft Persecutions
    1.
  4. Denis Diderot
    French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France; principal editor of an encyclopedia that disseminated the scientific and philosophical knowledge of the time (1713-1784)
    Denis Diderot (1713-1784) and the Encyclopedia
    A. Purpose
    1.
  5. Copernicus
    Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
    II. The Heliocentric View of the Universe
    A. Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543)
    1.
  6. Brahe
    Danish astronomer whose observations of the planets provided the basis for Kepler's laws of planetary motion (1546-1601)
    In the late 1500s, a Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe, carefully recorded the movements of each known planet.
    3.
  7. Galileo
    Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)
    C. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
    1.
  8. Enlightenment
    a movement in Europe from about 1650 until 1800 that advocated the use of reason and individualism instead of tradition and established doctrine
    The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
    I. The Geocentric View of the Universe
    A. Old Assumptions
    1.
  9. Rene Descartes
    French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)
    B. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and the Development of the Deductive Method
    1.
  10. scientific method
    a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
    III. The Scientific Method
    A. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and the Inductive Method
    1.
  11. social contract
    an implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society; individual surrenders liberty in return for protection
    The Social Contract, Rousseau’s treatise on politics and government, is one of the most influential books on political theory in European history.
    2.
  12. Galileo Galilei
    Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)
    C. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
    1.
  13. deism
    the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation
    C. Deism
    1.
  14. Thomas Hobbes
    English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
    Thomas Hobbes and John Locke argued that individuals enter a social contract with their rulers.
    3.
  15. Montesquieu
    French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)
    IX. Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
    A. The Spirit of the Laws
    1.
  16. deductive
    relating to logical deduction
    B. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and the Development of the Deductive Method
    1.
  17. Sir Francis Bacon
    English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)
    III. The Scientific Method
    A. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and the Inductive Method
    1.
  18. natural law
    a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society
    Instead, they dedicated themselves to exposing social problems and proposing reforms based on implementing natural laws.
    4.
  19. Newton
    English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)
    IV. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
    A. Newton and the Law of Gravitation
    1.
  20. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)
    X. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
    A. Natural Education
    1.
  21. Descartes
    French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)
    B. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and the Development of the Deductive Method
    1.
  22. Adam Smith
    Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790)
    B. Adam Smith
    1.
  23. laissez-faire
    with minimally restricted freedom in commerce
    Governments should follow a laissez-faire policy of noninterference with the economy.
  24. Tycho Brahe
    Danish astronomer whose observations of the planets provided the basis for Kepler's laws of planetary motion (1546-1601)
    In the late 1500s, a Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe, carefully recorded the movements of each known planet.
    3.
  25. John Locke
    English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
    Thomas Hobbes and John Locke argued that individuals enter a social contract with their rulers.
    3.
  26. Colbert
    butter creamed with parsley and tarragon and beef extract
    XII. Comparison of the Economic Policies of Colbert and Smith
    A. Colbert
    1.
  27. Sir Isaac Newton
    English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)
    IV. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
    A. Newton and the Law of Gravitation
    1.
  28. Francis Bacon
    English statesman and philosopher; precursor of British empiricism; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)
    III. The Scientific Method
    A. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and the Inductive Method
    1.
  29. absolutism
    a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
    Montesquieu was a French nobleman and attorney who wanted to limit the abuses of royal absolutism.
    2.