EHAP Unit Four

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words only definitions & notes
  1. Johannes Kepler
    German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion
    B. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
    1.
  2. heliocentric
    having the sun as or in the middle
    II. The Heliocentric View of the Universe
    A. Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543)
    1.
  3. witch-hunt
    searching out and harassing dissenters
    V. The Rise and Fall of Witch Hunts
    A. Witchcraft Persecutions
    1.
  4. Denis Diderot
    French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France; principal editor of an encyclopedia that disseminated the scientific and philosophical knowledge of the time (1713-1784)
    Denis Diderot (1713-1784) and the Encyclopedia
    A. Purpose
    1.
  5. Copernicus
    Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
    II. The Heliocentric View of the Universe
    A. Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543)
    1.
  6. Brahe
    Danish astronomer whose observations of the planets provided the basis for Kepler's laws of planetary motion (1546-1601)
    In the late 1500s, a Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe, carefully recorded the movements of each known planet.
    3.
  7. Galileo
    Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)
    C. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
    1.
  8. Enlightenment
    a movement in Europe from about 1650 until 1800 that advocated the use of reason and individualism instead of tradition and established doctrine
    The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
    I. The Geocentric View of the Universe
    A. Old Assumptions
    1.
  9. Rene Descartes
    French philosopher and mathematician
    B. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and the Development of the Deductive Method
    1.
  10. scientific method
    a systematic way of investigating to test a hypothesis
    III. The Scientific Method
    A. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and the Inductive Method
    1.
  11. social contract
    an agreement that results in the organization of society
    The Social Contract, Rousseau’s treatise on politics and government, is one of the most influential books on political theory in European history.
    2.
  12. Galileo Galilei
    Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)
    C. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
    1.
  13. deism
    the belief in God on the basis of reason alone
    C. Deism
    1.
  14. Thomas Hobbes
    English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
    Thomas Hobbes and John Locke argued that individuals enter a social contract with their rulers.
    3.
  15. Montesquieu
    French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)
    IX. Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
    A. The Spirit of the Laws
    1.
  16. deductive
    relating to reasoning from the general to the particular
    B. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and the Development of the Deductive Method
    1.
  17. Sir Francis Bacon
    English statesman and philosopher
    III. The Scientific Method
    A. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and the Inductive Method
    1.
  18. natural law
    a body of inherent rules governing human conduct in society
    Instead, they dedicated themselves to exposing social problems and proposing reforms based on implementing natural laws.
    4.
  19. Newton
    English mathematician and physicist
    IV. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
    A. Newton and the Law of Gravitation
    1.
  20. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
    French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland
    X. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
    A. Natural Education
    1.
  21. Descartes
    French philosopher and mathematician
    B. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) and the Development of the Deductive Method
    1.
  22. Adam Smith
    Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790)
    B. Adam Smith
    1.
  23. laissez-faire
    with minimally restricted freedom, especially in commerce
    Governments should follow a laissez-faire policy of noninterference with the economy.
  24. Tycho Brahe
    Danish astronomer whose observations of the planets provided the basis for Kepler's laws of planetary motion (1546-1601)
    In the late 1500s, a Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe, carefully recorded the movements of each known planet.
    3.
  25. John Locke
    English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
    Thomas Hobbes and John Locke argued that individuals enter a social contract with their rulers.
    3.
  26. Colbert
    butter creamed with parsley and tarragon and beef extract
    XII. Comparison of the Economic Policies of Colbert and Smith
    A. Colbert
    1.
  27. Sir Isaac Newton
    English mathematician and physicist
    IV. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
    A. Newton and the Law of Gravitation
    1.
  28. Francis Bacon
    English statesman and philosopher
    III. The Scientific Method
    A. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and the Inductive Method
    1.
  29. absolutism
    a form of government in which the ruler is unconstrained
    Montesquieu was a French nobleman and attorney who wanted to limit the abuses of royal absolutism.
    2.
Created on Wed Jan 13 13:11:23 EST 2010

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