-
a fortiori
with greater reason; for a still stronger, more certain reason
-
a posteriori
involving reasoning from facts or particulars to general principles or from effects to causes
-
a priori
involving deductive reasoning from a general principle to a necessary effect; not supported by fact
-
ab initio
at the beginning
-
actus reus
activity that transgresses moral or civil law
-
ad hoc
for or concerned with one specific purpose
-
ad hominem
appealing to personal considerations (rather than to fact or reason)
-
ad infinitum
to infinity; without or seemingly without limit
-
ad libitum
without advance preparation
-
ad valorem
in proportion to the estimated value of the goods taxed
-
adjournment
the termination of a meeting
-
affidavit
written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath
-
agency
the state of being in action or exerting power
-
alibi
(law) a defense by an accused person purporting to show that he or she could not have committed the crime in question
-
alter ego
a very close and trusted friend who seems almost a part of yourself
-
amicus curiae
an adviser to the court on some matter of law who is not a party to the case; usually someone who wants to influence the outcome of a lawsuit involving matters of wide public interest
-
ante
(poker) the initial contribution that each player makes to the pot
-
antebellum
belonging to a period before a war especially the American Civil War
-
anteriorly
in an anterior direction
-
aper
someone who copies the words or behavior of another
-
austerity
the trait of great self-denial (especially refraining from worldly pleasures)
-
axenic
(used of cultures of microorganisms) completely free from other organisms
-
bona fide
not counterfeit or copied
-
bona fide
not counterfeit or copied
-
capital
one of the large alphabetic characters used as the first letter in writing or printing proper names and sometimes for emphasis
-
casus belli
an event used to justify starting a war
-
caveat
a warning against certain acts
-
caveat emptor
a commercial principle that without a warranty the buyer takes upon himself the risk of quality
-
certiorari
a common law writ issued by a superior court to one of inferior jurisdiction demanding the record of a particular case
-
ceteris paribus
all other things being equal
-
codefendant
a defendant who has been joined together with one or more other defendants in a single action
-
cognomen
the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)
-
compos mentis
of sound mind, memory, and understanding; in law, competent to go to trial
-
conflate
mix together different elements
-
Contra
a member of the guerrilla force that opposed a left-wing government in Nicaragua
-
corpus
a collection of writings
-
corpus delicti
the body of evidence that constitute the offence; the objective proof that a crime has been committed (sometimes mistakenly thought to refer to the body of a homicide victim)
-
ctenidium
comb-like respiratory structure serving as the gill of certain mollusks
-
de facto
existing in fact whether with lawful authority or not
-
de jure
by right; according to law
-
de novo
from the beginning
-
defalcation
the sum of money that is misappropriated
-
dictum
an authoritative declaration
-
diminish
decrease in size, extent, or range
-
en masse
all together
-
enplane
board a plane
-
ergo
(used as a sentence connector) therefore or consequently
-
erratum
a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind
-
escadrille
a small squadron
-
et al.
and others ('et al.' is used as an abbreviation of `et alii' (masculine plural) or `et aliae' (feminine plural) or `et alia' (neuter plural) when referring to a number of people)
-
etcetera
additional unspecified odds and ends; more of the same
-
ex cathedra
with the full authority of the office
-
ex gratia
as a favor; not compelled by legal right
-
ex officio
by virtue of an office or position
-
ex post facto
affecting things past
-
ex vivo
in an artificial environment outside the living organism
-
executable
capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are
-
exposit
state
-
exsanguine
destitute of blood or apparently so
-
extant
still in existence; not extinct or destroyed or lost
-
felo-de-se
a person who kills himself intentionally
-
fiat
a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)
-
fiduciary
relating to or of the nature of a legal trust (i.e. the holding of something in trust for another)
-
fieri facias
a writ ordering a levy on the belongings of a debtor to satisfy the debt
-
forfeiture
something that is lost or surrendered as a penalty;
-
habeas corpus
a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge
-
i.e.
that is to say; in other words
-
ibid.
in the same place (used when citing a reference)
-
ibidem
in the same place (used when citing a reference)
-
id est
that is to say; in other words
-
imprimatur
formal and explicit approval
-
improper
not suitable or right or appropriate
-
in absentia
while absent; although absent
-
in camera
kept private or confined to those intimately concerned
-
in extremis
at the point of death
-
in loco parentis
in place of the parents
-
in situ
in the original or natural place or site
-
in toto
in entirety
-
in vitro
in an artificial environment outside the living organism
-
inappositeness
inappropriateness
-
infra
(in writing) see below
-
infra
(in writing) see below
-
iniquitous
characterized by iniquity; wicked because it is believed to be a sin
-
innuendo
an indirect (and usually malicious) implication
-
inter alia
among other things
-
interiorise
incorporate within oneself; make subjective or personal
-
interpose
introduce
-
intra vires
within the legal power or authority or a person or official or body etc
-
inure
cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate
-
ipse dixit
an unsupported dogmatic assertion
-
jural
of or relating to law or to legal rights and obligations
-
jus civile
the legal code of ancient Rome; codified under Justinian; the basis for many modern systems of civil law
-
jus sanguinis
the principle that a person's nationality at birth is the same as that of his natural parents
-
jus sanguinis
the principle that a person's nationality at birth is the same as that of his natural parents
-
jus soli
the principle that a person's nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth
-
legitimate
based on known statements or events or conditions
-
lingua franca
a common language used by speakers of different languages
-
lis pendens
a pending lawsuit
-
locus
the scene of any event or action (especially the place of a meeting)
-
Magna Carta
the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215
-
magnum opus
a great work of art or literature
-
malefic
having or exerting a malignant influence
-
mandamus
an extraordinary writ commanding an official to perform a ministerial act that the law recognizes as an absolute duty and not a matter for the official's discretion; used only when all other judicial remedies fail
-
mare clausum
(closed sea) a navigable body of water under the jurisdiction of a single nation
-
mare liberum
(free sea) a navigable body of water to which all nations have equal access
-
mens rea
(law) criminal intent; the thoughts and intentions behind a wrongful act (including knowledge that the act is illegal); often at issue in murder trials
-
modus operandi
an unvarying or habitual method or procedure
-
mutatis mutandis
with the necessary changes having been carried out
-
nexus
the means of connection between things linked in series
-
nihil
(Latin) nil; nothing (as used by a sheriff after an unsuccessful effort to serve a writ)
-
nil
a quantity of no importance
-
nisi
not final or absolute
-
nolle prosequi
an entry in the court record to the effect that the plaintiff or prosecutor will not proceed
-
nolo contendere
(law) an answer of `no contest' by a defendant who does not admit guilt but that subjects him to conviction
-
nominal
relating to or constituting or bearing or giving a name
-
non compos mentis
not of sound mind, memory, or understanding; in law, not competent to go to trial
-
non pros
a judgment entered in favor of the defendant when the plaintiff has not continued his action (e.g., has not appeared in court)
-
non sequitur
a reply that has no relevance to what preceded it
-
noncandidate
someone who has announced they are not a candidate; especially a politician who has announced that he or she is not a candidate for some political office
-
nota bene
a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something
-
paterfamilias
the male head of family or tribe
-
per capita
per person
-
per diem
a daily allowance for living expenses (especially while traveling in connection with your job)
-
per se
with respect to its inherent nature
-
perjure
knowingly tell an untruth in a legal court and render oneself guilty of perjury
-
persona non grata
a person who for some reason is not wanted or welcome
-
posse comitatus
a temporary police force
-
postmortem
occurring or done after death
-
precordium
the external surface of the body overlying the heart and stomach
-
prima facie
as it seems at first sight
-
primogeniture
right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son
-
pro forma
in a set manner without serious attention
-
pro rata
in proportion
-
pro re nata
according to need (physicians use PRN in writing prescriptions)
-
pro tem
for the time being
-
pro tempore
for the time being
-
proper
marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness
-
protoavis
most primitive avian type known; extinct bird of the Triassic having bird-like jaw and hollow limbs and breastbone with dinosaur-like tail and hind limbs
-
quaestor
any of several public officials of ancient Rome (usually in charge of finance and administration)
-
quantum
(physics) the smallest discrete quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory)
-
quasi
having some resemblance
-
quid pro quo
something for something; that which a party receives (or is promised) in return for something he does or gives or promises
-
quo warranto
a hearing to determine by what authority someone has an office or franchise or liberty
-
quo warranto
a hearing to determine by what authority someone has an office or franchise or liberty
-
re
the syllable naming the second (supertonic) note of any major scale in solmization
-
refuter
a debater who refutes or disproves by offering contrary evidence or argument
-
res gestae
things done
-
res ipsa loquitur
a rule of evidence whereby the negligence of an alleged wrongdoer can be inferred from the fact that the accident happened
-
res judicata
a matter already settled in court; cannot be raised again
-
res publica
a politically organized body of people under a single government
-
scienter
(law) deliberately or knowingly
-
scintilla
a tiny or scarcely detectable amount
-
scire facias
a judicial writ based on some record and requiring the party against whom it is brought to show cause why the record should not be enforced or annulled
-
scire facias
a judicial writ based on some record and requiring the party against whom it is brought to show cause why the record should not be enforced or annulled
-
seriatim
in a series; one after another
-
sibilant
of speech sounds produced by forcing air through a constricted passage (as `f', `s', `z', or `th' in both `thin' and `then')
-
sine die
without a date fixed (as of an adjournment)
-
sine qua non
a prerequisite
-
spodumene
a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminum silicate; a source of lithium
-
sub judice
before a judge or court of law; awaiting judicial determination
-
subpoena
a writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court
-
subpoena ad testificandum
a writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court
-
subpoena duces tecum
a writ issued by a court at the request of one of the parties to a suit; it requires a witness to bring to court or to a deposition any relevant documents under the witness's control
-
sui generis
constituting a class of its own; unique
-
supercede
take the place or move into the position of
-
supersedure
act of replacing one person or thing by another especially one held to be superior
-
supra
at an earlier place
-
tabula rasa
a young mind not yet affected by experience (according to John Locke)
-
terminus
a place where something ends or is complete
-
trial
the act of testing something
-
ultra vires
beyond the legal power or authority of a person or official or body etc
-
uxor
(legal terminology) the Latin word for wife
-
veto
a vote that blocks a decision
-
vice versa
with the order reversed
-
videlicet
as follows
-
vigilante
member of a vigilance committee
-
vis major
a natural and unavoidable catastrophe that interrupts the expected course of events
-
viz.
as follows