Genetic Terms 47 words

a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid)

the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells

a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival

the simplest amino acid found in proteins and the principal amino acid in sugar cane

a small lymphocyte developed in the thymus; it orchestrates the immune system's response to infected or malignant cells

an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection

an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytes

a leukocyte that has granules in its cytoplasm

blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information

the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell

a tiny granule in the cytoplasm that is where protein synthesis takes place under the direction of mRNA

the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism

the substance of a living cell (including cytoplasm and nucleus)

a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

a glycoside formed by partial hydrolysis of a nucleic acid

a group of compounds derived from monosaccharides

a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates

undergo hydrolysis; decompose by reacting with water

a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions

a nucleotide found in muscle cells and important in metabolism; reversibly convertible to ADP and ATP

an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage

formed by reaction between an acid and an alcohol with elimination of water

a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes

production of a chemical compound by a living organism

an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme

an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)

the circulation of cytoplasm within a cell

something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation

a colorless crystalline organic base containing nitrogen; the parent compound of various biologically important substances

any monosaccharide sugar containing five atoms of carbon per molecule

a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid

a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions

glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body

an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils

pertaining to the formation of blood or blood cells

of or relating to or located in the endothelium

an epithelium of mesoblastic origin; a thin layer of flattened cells that lines the inside of some body cavities

the formation of new blood vessels

of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes

the particular alleles at specified loci present in an organism

(genetics) either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character

a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order