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WORK_SUK3_12/13

136 words 26 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

  1. contract
    a binding agreement that is enforceable by law
    Alliance's tires are also made at contract manufacturing facilities in China and Taiwan.
    Part 2 & 4
  2. ensure
    be careful or certain to do something
    When workers are on fixed-term contracts, action is needed to ensure that they do not suffer unjustified discrimination.
    Part 2 & 4
  3. successive
    following in order without gaps
    In addition, abuse of successive fixed-term contracts between the same employer and employee for the same work has to be prevented.
    Part 2 & 4
  4. employer
    a person or firm that hires workers
    In China today, some employers have gone so far as to specify “no single children” in job posting.
    Part 2 & 4
  5. employee
    a worker who is hired to perform a job
    In fact, employees rank appreciation extremely high among incentives.
    Part 2 & 4
  6. trade
    the commercial exchange of goods and services
    Ten years ago, any any self-respecting celebrity wouldn't be found dead at a technology trade show.
    Part 2 & 4

    verb: to trade
  7. objective
    the goal intended to be attained
    The agreement forbids employers to treat fixed-term workers less favourably than permanent workers, unless different treatment can be justified on objective grounds.
    Part 2 & 4

    noun: an objective
  8. criterion
    the ideal in terms of which something can be judged
    In order to prevent abuse of successive fixed-term contracts, EU Member States, after consultation with the social partners, must specify one or more of the following criteria: • the objective reasons that would justify the renewal of fixed-term contracts or relationships • the maximum total duration of successive fixed-term employment contracts and relationships • the permitted number of renewals.
    Part 2 & 4
  9. penalty
    the disadvantage or painful consequences of an action
    Member States are to lay down penalties for infringements.
    Part 2 & 4

    Careful: The terms 'penalty' and 'punishment' cannot be used interchangeably in many cases!
  10. infringement
    an act that disregards an agreement or a right
    India has laws against child labor and against copyright infringement, but both are openly flouted.
    Part 2 & 4
  11. clause
    a separate section of a legal document
    But special clauses limit the potential administrative burdens on small and medium-scale enterprises.
    Part 2 & 4
  12. vocational
    of or relating to an occupation
    His latest, Tribeca Flashpoint Academy, is a for-profit digital arts vocational school.
    Part 2 & 4
  13. apprenticeship
    the position of one working for an expert to learn a trade
    The quality training on offer means apprenticeships are fast becoming a first-choice career option for a wide range of people.
    Part 2 & 4
  14. implementation
    the act of providing a means for accomplishing something
    Full implementation of the rules across food processors and farms will take several years, Taylor said.
    Part 2 & 4

    verb: to implement
  15. comparable
    able to be described as similar
    The Framework Agreement requires that part-time workers’ employment conditions may not be less favourable than those of comparable full-time workers, unless there are objective reasons for different treatment.
    Part 2 & 4

    Careful! Whereas the main stress is on the second syllable for 'compare', the main stress can be on the first or the second syllable for 'comparable'.
  16. exhort
    spur on or encourage especially by cheers and shouts
    He concluded by playing a 1933 Cole Porter song that exhorted scientists to test nature: “Experiment! Scientific American (Jul 5, 2012)
    Part 2 & 4
  17. sector
    a particular aspect of life or activity
    Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors
    Part 2 & 4
  18. industry
    the action of making of goods and services for sale
    Games are now being adopted by hundreds of major organisations outside of the entertainment industry.
    Part 2 & 4
  19. operate
    handle and cause to function
    And on Monday, an electrical fire had broken out on another plane, also operated by Japan Airlines from Logan International Airport in Boston.
    Part 2 & 4
  20. manufacture
    create or produce in a mechanical way
    Sinnett said the electrical faults that occurred in rapid succession in December were traced to a single lot of circuit boards manufactured at one time.
    Part 2 & 4
  21. commercial
    connected with or engaged in the exchange of goods
    The building has commercial space on the ground floor and 33 apartments above.
    Part 2 & 4
  22. interdependence
    a relation between entities that rely on each other
    In Japan, the fund highlighted high budget deficits and record debt levels, as well a "growing interdependence" between banks and the state.
    Part 2 & 4
  23. industrial
    of or relating to commercial enterprise
    Economists polled by Reuters had expected no month-on-month change in industrial producer prices.
    Part 2 & 4
  24. industrialization
    the development of commercial enterprise
    Before industrialization, butter-churning involved stirring cream until fat molecules lost their membranes and clumped together. Slate (Dec 1, 2012)
    Part 2 & 4
  25. productivity
    the amount of work each worker can complete in a set time
    The real foundation to productivity is getting the right things done.
    Part 2 & 4
  26. substantial
    having a firm basis in reality and therefore important
    Faced with a sudden massive revenue shortfall, combined with substantial increases in unemployment, the government will have to make some serious funding cuts.
    Part 2 & 4
  27. urbanization
    the social process whereby cities grow
    Perhaps there are ways of development other than industrialization and urbanization...
    Part 2 & 4
  28. migration
    the movement of persons from one locality to another
    Feeding at night enables them to stock up on more food to fuel their spring migration.
    Part 2 & 4
  29. labor
    any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
    This encouraged specialization of labor and permitted more people to work at tasks other than agriculture.
    Part 2 & 4
  30. agriculture
    the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock
    Traditional activities like agriculture are arduous and poorly paid.
    Part 2 & 4
  31. consumption
    the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs
    Japan's economy has been hurt by a dip in exports amid slowing global demand and subdued domestic consumption.
    Part 2 & 4
  32. exploit
    use or manipulate to one's advantage
    They’re exploiting the talks thus far in order to gain time to refine more uranium.”
    Part 2 & 4
  33. range
    an area in which something operates or has power or control
    Apple has relied on selling older models at a discount rather than designing new phones at a range of prices.
    Part 2 & 4
  34. measure
    any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal
    The measures announced Friday amount to one of the largest spending plans in Japan’s history, he stressed.
    Part 2 & 4
  35. textile
    artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting fibers
    More than 1000 steam engines were in use in Britain by 1800, primarily in the textile industry.
    Part 2 & 4
  36. refinement
    the result of improving something
    Refinement of steam engines made them more efficient and burn less coal.
    Part 2 & 4
  37. cargo
    goods carried by a large vehicle
    Steamships and railroads could carry large amounts of cargo and thus lowered transportation rates.
    Part 2 & 4
  38. entrepreneur
    someone who organizes a business venture
    The best entrepreneurs set up their businesses as learning laboratories.
    Part 2 & 4
  39. livelihood
    the financial means whereby one supports oneself
    Industrial workers became wage owners who had nothing to offer but their labor and were dependent on factory owners for their livelihood.
    Part 2 & 4
  40. monotonous
    tediously repetitious or lacking in variety
    Normally one went to work and ended one’s work day at the sound of a whistle with the workday filled with monotonous labor.
    Part 2 & 4
  41. investment
    money that is committed with an expectation of profit
    Developers have announced several large projects aimed at attracting investment.
    Part 2 & 4
  42. dismantle
    take apart into its constituent pieces
    Enforcement officers will use criminal prosecutions and civil penalties to dismantle the illicit trade, but he acknowledges the frustration felt by other traders operating lawfully.
    Part 2 & 4
  43. abundant
    present in great quantity
    Heavy iron and steel production emerged in Pennsylvania and central Alabama by the 1870’s where there were abundant supplies of iron ore and coal.
    Part 2 & 4
  44. corporation
    a business firm recognized by law as a single body
    Consumer advocates and lawmakers have long pressed federal agencies to stop big corporations from receiving tax breaks on payments to victims.
    Part 2 & 4
  45. competition
    business relation in which two parties vie to gain customers
    Many firms are also struggling with diving revenue brought on by new regulations and tough competition from Internet players such as Google and Apple.
    Part 2 & 4
  46. monopoly
    exclusive control or possession of something
    "Forming a monopoly that overcharges consumers is illegal and will not be tolerated," New York State Attorney General Eric Schneiderman said in a statement.
    Part 2 & 4
  47. prosperity
    the condition of having good fortune
    There is now increasing, irrefutable evidence linking our country’s prosperity to education outcomes. 
    Part 2 & 4
  48. demographic
    of or relating to the characteristics of human populations
    The result was the demographic transition: shifting patterns of mortality and fertility.
    Part 2 & 4
  49. transition
    the act of passing from one state or place to the next
    Moreover, making the transition requires investments in human capital that individuals often cannot afford.
    Part 2 & 4
  50. pollution
    contamination of the natural environment
    Inevitably, pollution followed population growth.
    Part 2 & 4
  51. replete
    fill to satisfaction
    Movies based in India that gain popularity overseas are most often replete with vibrancy and color. New York Times (Jun 5, 2012)
    Part 2 & 4
  52. regulation
    a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
    And poorly crafted regulations may unduly raise the cost of new research, discouraging further innovation.
    Part 2 & 4
  53. equitable
    fair to all parties as dictated by reason and conscience
    Education is the most powerful tool countries have for boosting economic growth, increasing prosperity and forging more just, peaceful and equitable societies.
    Part 2 & 4
  54. directive
    a pronouncement encouraging or banning some activity
    Barack Obama is said to have signed in October a still-secret directive containing new guidelines for federal agencies carrying out cyber-operations.
    Part 2 & 4
  55. hazardous
    involving risk or danger
    The pay is good and there are fringe benefits, but the working conditions are too hazardous.”
    Part 4
  56. perpetuate
    cause to continue or prevail
    The trade in illicit gems, known as "blood diamonds" for their role in funding conflicts, perpetuated the civil war.
    Part 4
  57. destitute
    completely wanting or lacking
    In the United States, the wealthy live nearly five years longer on average than do the most destitute, according to Denney's research.
    Part 4
  58. psychiatric
    relating to the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
    For years, according to friends and law enforcement officials, she had suffered from mental illness, receiving psychiatric treatment from at least two city hospitals.
    Part 1
  59. humanitarian
    marked by devotion to popular welfare
    He heard that the United States was supplying thousands of tons of rice in humanitarian aid. Slate (Jan 7, 2013)
    Part 1
  60. reap
    get or derive
    Bear in mind, you will also reap rewards from this present, since rested and refreshed workers are far more productive.
    Part 1
  61. overzealous
    marked by excessive enthusiasm for a cause or idea
    He sat scared in Greece on his team's bus as it was attacked by overzealous fans. Seattle Times (Aug 31, 2011)
    Part 1
  62. vendor
    someone who exchanges goods or services for money
    Many of the people who live there are migrants, working as electricians, auto-rickshaw drivers, day laborers, bus drivers, mechanics and street vendors.
    Part 1
  63. professor
    a member of the faculty at a college or university
    Sophie Scott, professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London says children's brains are better able to cope with recovery after a stroke.
    Part 1
  64. condescending
    characteristic of those who treat others with arrogance
    On the campaign trail he can sometimes seem condescending and distant.
    Part 1
  65. incremental
    increasing gradually by regular degrees or additions
    Both films were made through stop-motion animation, using puppets moved incrementally and photographed a frame at a time.
    Part 1
  66. daunting
    discouraging through fear
    For any small business, competing with large competitors with vastly greater resources is always daunting.
    Part 1
  67. clutter
    a confused multitude of things
    Stacks of clothing and old magazines added to the clutter.
    Part 1
  68. consultant
    an expert who gives advice
    While there are consultants who make promises they cannot deliver, others offer honest, critical advice.
    Part 1
  69. physical
    involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
    He is also seeking damages for physical and psychological injuries.
    Part 1
  70. spiritual
    concerned with or affecting the soul
    “I am a very spiritual person,” she said, though “maybe not traditionally religious in terms of Sunday Mass every week, that sort of thing.”
    Part 1
  71. scrutiny
    the act of examining something closely, as for mistakes
    Banks are facing greater scrutiny since the financial crisis.
    Part 1
  72. grant
    any monetary aid
    The state government said it was considering offering emergency grants to people who had lost their homes.
    Part 1
  73. aesthetics
    the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste
    The clean look of the search engine was credited to Ms. Mayer’s sense of aesthetics. New York Times (Jul 17, 2012)
    Part 1
  74. mangle
    destroy or injure severely
    Body parts were strewn across the ground and mangled metal hung from the bus's ripped roof.
    Part 1
  75. common denominator
    a shared multiple of the bottom number of two or more fractions
    The solution will be in agreeing on a “package,” finding common denominators, and making small variations according to the country. New York Times (Aug 4, 2010)
    Part 1
  76. erratic
    likely to perform unpredictably
    Shortages of fuel and flour have made bread production erratic across Syria, and bread lines are often hours long.
    Part 1
  77. demand
    the ability and desire to purchase goods and services
    Higher productivity does not have to mean fewer jobs, if demand is going up at the same time.
    Part 1
  78. inanimate
    not endowed with life
    Psychologists had known for a while that even the youngest of babies treat people different from inanimate objects. New York Times (May 5, 2010)
    Part 1
  79. sophisticated
    having worldly knowledge and refinement
    At the same time, consumers are growing increasingly sophisticated about the content of the foods they eat.
    Part 1
  80. anchor
    a television reporter who coordinates a broadcast
    Great and Wise Men of the sort that anchored the news show of television's golden age may be in short supply these days.
    Part 1
  81. tuition
    a fee paid for instruction, especially for higher education
    In 2011, education news had been dominated by university stories - in particular the increase in tuition fees.
    Part 1
  82. device
    an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose
    Using X-rays, members of a bomb disposal squad detected an improvised explosive device, or I.E.D., in the soldier's stomach.
    Part 1
  83. royalty
    payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource
    McDonagh likes to take time out to travel and write, and thanks to the continued success of his plays, there are always royalties coming in.
    Part 1
  84. psychic
    a person sensitive to things beyond natural perception
    She hired two private investigators and even consulted a psychic. New York Times (Apr 4, 2012)
    Part 1
  85. client
    someone who pays for goods or services
    Public defender Daniel King has said that his client suffers from an unspecified mental illness.
    Part 1
  86. major
    of the field of academic study in which one concentrates
    What did you major in in college? Languages, of course! :)
    Part 1
  87. mind-boggling
    intellectually or emotionally overwhelming
    After decades of mind-boggling growth China's economy is second only to America.
  88. tomboy
    a girl who behaves in a traditionally masculine manner
    "Because," answered Romeo, choosing his words carefully, "when a man gets married, he wants to marry a lady, not a tomboy." Reed, Myrtle
  89. hunter-gatherer
    a member of a hunting and gathering society
    Until about 8500 years ago, Europe was populated by nomadic hunter-gatherers who hunted, fished, and ate wild plants.
  90. grand
    the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100
    "On a good night, I can make a few grand", the drug dealer bragged.
    Part 1
  91. show off
    display proudly; act ostentatiously or pretentiously
    Several companies showed off laptops whose screens detach to become tablets. Slate (Jan 9, 2013)
    Part 1
  92. produce
    fresh fruits and vegetable grown for the market
    Over the last 10 years, officials slowly introduced more whole grain foods and fresh produce.
    Part 1
  93. perk
    an incidental benefit awarded for certain types of employment (especially if it is regarded as a right)
    Technology companies are willing to go to battle offering dollars and perks to attract top talent. Forbes (Feb 24, 2012)
    Part 1
  94. dabble
    work with in an amateurish manner
    After college, Hunt taught English in Japan and dabbled in PR before launching an educational publishing company called Hotcourses. —Time (May 26, 2012) PR=public relations
    Part 1
  95. plum
    a highly desirable position or assignment
    Prahalad was particularly successful in finding plum assignments at interesting Indian firms for his University of Michigan students.
    Part 1
  96. janitor
    someone employed to clean and maintain a building
    WATERBURY, Conn. — Police say a school janitor in Connecticut has been arrested after leaving his loaded handgun in a preschool classroom. Washington Post (Dec 7, 2011)
    Part 1
  97. payroll department
    the department that determines the amounts of wage or salary due to each employee
    "Most vacation systems try to make that a part of the policy, but it's enforced by the payroll department, rather than individual supervisors."
  98. bubble
    a speculative scheme that depends on unstable factors that the planner cannot control
    Part 3
  99. ubiquitous
    being present everywhere at once
    Part 3
  100. foreclosure
    proceedings initiated to repossess the collateral for a loan
    Part 3
  101. mortgage
    a conveyance of property as security for repaying a loan
    Part 3
  102. broker
    a businessman who buys or sells for another
    Part 3
  103. trivial
    (informal) small and of little importance
    Part 3
  104. dismemberment
    the removal of limbs; being cut to pieces
    Part 3
  105. phantom
    something existing in perception only
    Part 3
  106. erode
    become ground down or deteriorate
    Part 3
  107. cognitive
    relating to or involving the mental process of knowing
    Part 3
  108. perversity
    the act of deliberately deviating from what is moral or good
    Part 3
  109. twitch
    make an uncontrolled, short, jerky motion
    Part 3
  110. collateral
    a security pledged for the repayment of a loan
    Part 3
  111. broker
    a businessman who buys or sells for another
    Part 3
  112. collaborative
    accomplished by working jointly
    "By nature we are less confrontational and more collaborative," the Missouri lawmaker said.
    Part 1

    collocation: collaborative process
  113. impetuously
    in an impulsive or hasty way; without taking precautions
    She shuddered at the sight, and turned away impetuously, while the rain again rattled against the window, as though demanding instant admission. Matthews, Brander
    Part 1
  114. knack
    a special way of doing something
    He’s more than proven he’s got a knack for good ways to put cash to use besides returning it to shareholders. Forbes (Dec 17, 2012)
    Part 1

    collocation: to have a knack for sth
  115. tenacity
    persistent determination
    "Grit and tenacity are must-have qualities" for business leaders, he says.
    Part 1
  116. grit
    fortitude and determination
    "Grit and tenacity are must-have qualities" for business leaders, he says.
    Part 1
  117. dig
    get the meaning of something
    The first few chapters had him sitting in libraries in Australia trying to dig up tidbits about his family history. Salon (Jan 16, 2013)
    Part 1

    collocation: to dig for information
  118. bird
    warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrate with feathers and wings
    Part 1

    collocation: The early bird gets the worm. (meaning: Whoever comes first gets what they want.)
  119. caliber
    a degree or grade of excellence or worth
    “Will wasn’t the same caliber player as Chris in high school,” Patrick said.
    Part 1

    collocation: to be of a certain caliber
  120. demeaning
    causing someone to lose status or the respect of others
    Rather than this doomed and demeaning strategy of pushing back, they would be well advised to push forward.
    Part 1
  121. qualm
    uneasiness about the fitness of an action
    There are many college leaders who have qualms about publishing such data.
    Part 1

    collocation: to have qualms about sth
  122. bonus
    extra pay or reward given to employees for good performance
    The decision came as lawmakers criticized banks that were considering paying bonuses later than usual.
    Part 1
  123. volatile
    marked by erratic changeableness in affections
    Listen to the paranoid, volatile, often racist rantings captured on the taping system Nixon had installed in the Oval Office.
    Part 1
  124. clientele
    customers collectively
    Regardless, Amazon's clientele would do well not to put all their eggs in one basket, analysts say.
    Part 1
  125. draft
    engage somebody to enter the army
    Part 1

    NOTE: This term is also used in sports when players are contracted to play for a major league team, e.g. to draft sb into the NHL.
  126. perk
    an incidental benefit awarded for certain types of employment (especially if it is regarded as a right)
    But are employees really able to take advantage of such work-at-home perks? Scientific American (Dec 26, 2012)
    Part 1
  127. second-guess
    evaluate or criticize with hindsight
    Boldness matters, and spending forever second-guessing yourself about details puts you out of step. Forbes (Nov 27, 2012)
    Part 1
  128. scrutinize
    look at critically or searchingly, or in minute detail
    Mr. Loeb now is scrutinizing pay practices at Morgan Stanley more widely, including the compensation of Chairman and Chief Executive James Gorman. Wall Street Journal (Jan 15, 2013)
    Part 1
  129. wannabe
    an ambitious and aspiring young person
    Wannabe entrepreneurs are grabbing their chance with both hands.
    Part 1
  130. connoisseur
    an expert able to appreciate a field
    Both women are inveterate collectors - flea market fiends, and connoisseurs of what seems like every junkyard and antique mall in upstate New York.
    Part 1
  131. inveterate
    in a habitual and longstanding manner
    Like any inveterate reader, Mr. Morrison would stumble across obscure books practically begging to be reprinted.
    Part 1
  132. wholesale
    sell in large quantities
    Wholesale power prices have also fallen with cheaper natural gas, making it harder for Edison's coal-fired plants to remain competitive.
    Part 1
  133. turnover
    the rate at which workers have to be replaced
    Smith did have consistent turnover on his staff.
    Part 1
  134. shackle
    a restraint that confines or restricts freedom
    They've seemed to be shackled by fear in recent years. Golf Digest (Dec 13, 2012)
    Part 1

    collocations: to shake off the shackles
  135. phony
    a person who professes beliefs that he or she does not hold
    People are adept at smelling a phony thank you.
    Part 1

    NOTE: can also be used as an adjective
  136. adept
    having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
    But he has proved adept at compromising with Democratic leaders, and so siphoning off critical votes.
    Part 1
Created on Wed Sep 26 04:41:07 EDT 2012 (updated Wed Jan 16 15:54:37 EST 2013)

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