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Obama to overhaul NCLB NY Times Article 398 words

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  1. coursework
    work assigned to and done by a student during a course of study; usually it is evaluated as part of the student's grade in the course
    One section of the current Bush-era law has required states to certify that all teachers are highly qualified, based on their college coursework and state-issued credentials.
  2. Department of Education
    the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  3. merit pay
    extra pay awarded to an employee on the basis of merit (especially to school teachers)
    That effort collapsed, partly because teachers’ unions and other educator groups opposed an effort to incorporate merit pay provisions into a rewritten law.
  4. educator
    someone who educates young people
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  5. rating system
    a system of classifying according to quality or merit or amount
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  6. evaluation
    act of ascertaining or fixing the value or worth of
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  7. charter school
    an experimental public school for kindergarten through grade 12; created and organized by teachers and parents and community leaders; operates independently of other schools
    The competition has also encouraged states to open the door to more charter schools, which receive public money but are run by independent groups.
  8. deadline
    the point in time at which something must be completed
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  9. after-school
    outside regular school hours
    Schools that miss their targets in reading and math must offer students the opportunity to transfer to other schools and free after-school tutoring.
  10. utopian
    of or pertaining to or resembling a utopia
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  11. rewrite
    write differently; alter the writing of
    The last serious attempt to rewrite the law was in 2007.
  12. administration
    the act of governing; exercising authority
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  13. upend
    become turned or set on end
    They want to upend that scheme by making states and districts pledge to take actions the administration considers reform, before they get the money.”
  14. report card
    a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  15. student
    a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  16. school
    an educational institution
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  17. apportion
    distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  18. rework
    use again in altered form
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  19. proficiency
    the quality of having great facility and competence
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  20. education
    the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  21. collaborate
    work together on a common enterprise of project
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  22. scoring
    evaluation of performance by assigning a grade or score
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  23. eliminate
    terminate, end, or take out
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  24. elimination
    the act of removing or getting rid of something
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  25. federal
    characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  26. input
    signal going into an electronic system
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  27. entitlement
    right granted by law or contract (especially a right to benefits)
    The department thinks that’s become too much of an entitlement.
  28. Education
    the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  29. euphemism
    an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh
    The law has, to date, labeled some 30,000 schools as “in need of improvement,” a euphemism for failing, but states and districts have done little to change them.
  30. Duncan
    United States dancer and pioneer of modern dance (1878-1927)
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  31. Cunningham
    United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1922)
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  32. evaluate
    evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  33. accountability
    responsibility to someone or for some activity
    Instead, under the administration’s proposals, a new accountability system would divide schools into more categories, offering recognition to those that are succeeding and providing large new amounts of money to help improve or close failing schools.
  34. formula
    a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  35. metric
    based on the meter as a standard of measurement
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  36. mainstay
    a prominent supporter
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  37. recast
    cast again
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  38. yearly
    a reference book that is published regularly once every year
    Currently the education law requires the nation’s 98,000 public schools to make “adequate yearly progress” as measured by student test scores.
  39. differentiate
    become distinct and acquire a different character
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  40. budget for
    calculate enough money for; provide for in the budget
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  41. teacher
    a person whose occupation is teaching
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  42. failing
    failure to reach a minimum required performance
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  43. stalemate
    a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible
    The changes would have to be approved by Congress, which has been at a stalemate for years over how to change the policy.
  44. humiliate
    cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  45. well-worn
    showing signs of much wear or use
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  46. coordinated
    being dexterous in the use of more than one set of muscle movements
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  47. branding
    the act of stigmatizing
    Educators have complained loudly in the eight years since the law was signed that it was branding tens of thousands of schools as failing but not forcing them to change.
  48. school district
    a district whose public schools are administered together
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  49. adequate
    having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task
    Currently the education law requires the nation’s 98,000 public schools to make “adequate yearly progress” as measured by student test scores.
  50. scores
    a large number or amount
    Currently the education law requires the nation’s 98,000 public schools to make “adequate yearly progress” as measured by student test scores.
  51. conditional
    imposing or depending on or containing a condition
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  52. proficient
    having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
    All students are required to be proficient by 2014.
  53. law
    the collection of rules imposed by authority
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  54. bipartisan
    supported by both sides
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  55. change
    become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  56. focusing
    the concentration of attention or energy on something
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  57. incorporate
    make into a whole or make part of a whole
    That effort collapsed, partly because teachers’ unions and other educator groups opposed an effort to incorporate merit pay provisions into a rewritten law.
  58. amount of money
    a quantity of money
    Instead, under the administration’s proposals, a new accountability system would divide schools into more categories, offering recognition to those that are succeeding and providing large new amounts of money to help improve or close failing schools.
  59. encourage
    inspire with confidence; give hope or courage to
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  60. public school
    a tuition free school in the United States supported by taxes and controlled by a school board
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  61. score
    a number that expresses the accomplishment of a team or an individual in a game or contest
    Currently the education law requires the nation’s 98,000 public schools to make “adequate yearly progress” as measured by student test scores.
  62. district
    a region marked off for administrative or other purposes
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  63. school board
    a board in charge of local public schools
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  64. high school
    a public secondary school usually including grades 9 through 12
    A new goal, which would replace the 2014 universal proficiency deadline, would be for all students to leave high school “college or career ready.”
  65. center on
    have as a center
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  66. improve
    to make better
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  67. achievement
    the action of accomplishing something
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  68. coordinate
    of equal importance, rank, or degree
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  69. academic
    associated with academia or an academy
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  70. endorse
    be behind; approve of
    Mr. Duncan has publicly endorsed such an approach, Mr. Cunningham said.
  71. define
    show the form or outline of
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  72. participating
    taking part in an activity
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  73. defining
    any process serving to define the shape of something
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  74. proposal
    the act of making a proposal
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  75. foreshadow
    indicate by signs
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  76. official
    of or relating to an office
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  77. currently
    at this time or period; now
    Currently the education law requires the nation’s 98,000 public schools to make “adequate yearly progress” as measured by student test scores.
  78. trillion
    the number that is represented as a one followed by 12 zeros
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  79. require
    have need of
    Currently the education law requires the nation’s 98,000 public schools to make “adequate yearly progress” as measured by student test scores.
  80. competition
    the act of competing as for profit or a prize
    In his State of the Union address, Mr. Obama hailed the results so far of that competition, which has persuaded states from Rhode Island to California to make changes in their education laws.
  81. chaotic
    completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  82. goal
    the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  83. math
    a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
    Schools that miss their targets in reading and math must offer students the opportunity to transfer to other schools and free after-school tutoring.
  84. graduation
    the successful completion of a program of study
    The new standards will also define what students need to learn in earlier grades to advance successfully toward high school graduation.
  85. succeeding
    coming after or following
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  86. based
    having a base
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  87. President Bush
    43rd President of the United States; son of George Herbert Walker Bush (born in 1946)
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  88. fall short
    fail to meet (expectations or standards)
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  89. labeled
    bearing or marked with a label or tag
    The law has, to date, labeled some 30,000 schools as “in need of improvement,” a euphemism for failing, but states and districts have done little to change them.
  90. credentials
    a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts
    One section of the current Bush-era law has required states to certify that all teachers are highly qualified, based on their college coursework and state-issued credentials.
  91. data
    a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  92. datum
    an item of factual information derived from measurement or research
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  93. budget
    a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  94. money
    the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  95. provisions
    a stock or supply of foods
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  96. credential
    a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts
    One section of the current Bush-era law has required states to certify that all teachers are highly qualified, based on their college coursework and state-issued credentials.
  97. objectionable
    causing disapproval or protest
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  98. financing
    the act of financing
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  99. fail
    be unable
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  100. fiscal year
    any accounting period of 12 months
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  101. overhaul
    make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  102. generate
    bring into existence
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  103. hand out
    give to several people
    Now the administration hopes to apply similar conditions to the distribution of the billions of dollars that the Department of Education hands out to states and districts as part of its annual budget.
  104. certify
    provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes
    One section of the current Bush-era law has required states to certify that all teachers are highly qualified, based on their college coursework and state-issued credentials.
  105. gap
    an open or empty space in or between things
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  106. planning
    an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  107. base
    lowest support of a structure
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  108. Rhode Island
    a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies; the smallest state
    In his State of the Union address, Mr. Obama hailed the results so far of that competition, which has persuaded states from Rhode Island to California to make changes in their education laws.
  109. state
    the way something is with respect to its main attributes
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  110. dismissal
    permission to go; the sending away of someone
    Schools that repeatedly miss targets face harsher sanctions, which can include staff dismissals and closings.
  111. run by
    pass by while running
    The competition has also encouraged states to open the door to more charter schools, which receive public money but are run by independent groups.
  112. test
    any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc
    Currently the education law requires the nation’s 98,000 public schools to make “adequate yearly progress” as measured by student test scores.
  113. distribute
    give to several people
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  114. progress
    the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  115. outline
    the line that appears to bound an object
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  116. outlined
    showing clearly the outline or profile or boundary
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  117. closing
    the act of closing something
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  118. to date
    prior to the present time
    The law has, to date, labeled some 30,000 schools as “in need of improvement,” a euphemism for failing, but states and districts have done little to change them.
  119. encouraged
    inspired with confidence
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  120. eligible
    qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen
    States that prohibit the use of test scores in teacher evaluations, for example, are not eligible for the funds.
  121. ranking
    position on a scale in relation to others in a sport
    Earlier this month, Mr. Duncan and more than a dozen other administration officials took steps toward organizing a new rewrite, meeting with the Democratic chairmen and ranking Republican members of the education committees in both houses of Congress.
  122. department
    a specialized division of a large organization
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  123. capability
    the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  124. provision
    the activity of supplying or providing something
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  125. target
    a reference point to shoot at
    Schools that miss their targets in reading and math must offer students the opportunity to transfer to other schools and free after-school tutoring.
  126. in the main
    for the most part
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  127. significantly
    in a significant manner
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  128. participate
    become a participant; be involved in
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  129. association
    a formal organization of people or groups of people
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  130. system
    a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  131. chronic
    being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  132. specifically
    in distinction from others
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  133. suburban
    relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  134. billion
    denoting a quantity consisting of one thousand million items or units in the United States
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  135. build on
    be based on; of theories and claims, for example
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  136. administrator
    someone who manages a government agency or department
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  137. nonetheless
    despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  138. president
    the chief executive of a republic
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  139. solicit
    make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  140. required
    required by rule
    All students are required to be proficient by 2014.
  141. broad
    having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  142. stimulus
    any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  143. compete
    compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  144. rating
    standing or position on a scale
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  145. meeting
    the social act of assembling for some common purpose
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  146. each year
    without missing a year
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  147. commitment
    the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  148. Hunter
    a constellation on the equator to the east of Taurus; contains Betelgeuse and Rigel
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  149. category
    a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme
    Instead, under the administration’s proposals, a new accountability system would divide schools into more categories, offering recognition to those that are succeeding and providing large new amounts of money to help improve or close failing schools.
  150. governing
    responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  151. annual
    occurring or payable every year
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  152. group
    any number of entities (members) considered as a unit
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  153. performing
    the performance of a part or role in a drama
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  154. tutor
    a person who gives private instruction (as in singing, acting, etc.)
    Schools that miss their targets in reading and math must offer students the opportunity to transfer to other schools and free after-school tutoring.
  155. collapse
    break down, literally or metaphorically
    That effort collapsed, partly because teachers’ unions and other educator groups opposed an effort to incorporate merit pay provisions into a rewritten law.
  156. judging
    the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  157. attended
    having a caretaker or other watcher
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  158. public
    not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  159. Congress
    the legislature of the United States government
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  160. college
    an institution of higher education created to educate and grant degrees; often a part of a university
    A new goal, which would replace the 2014 universal proficiency deadline, would be for all students to leave high school “college or career ready.”
  161. include
    have as a part, be made up out of
    Schools that repeatedly miss targets face harsher sanctions, which can include staff dismissals and closings.
  162. encouraging
    giving courage or confidence or hope
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  163. Bush
    United States electrical engineer who designed an early analogue computer and who led the scientific program of the United States during World War II (1890-1974)
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  164. qualified
    meeting the proper standards and requirements and training for an office or position or task
    One section of the current Bush-era law has required states to certify that all teachers are highly qualified, based on their college coursework and state-issued credentials.
  165. fiscal
    involving financial matters
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  166. policy
    a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
    The changes would have to be approved by Congress, which has been at a stalemate for years over how to change the policy.
  167. spokesman
    a male spokesperson
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  168. signature
    your name written in your own handwriting
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  169. replace
    put something back where it belongs
    A new goal, which would replace the 2014 universal proficiency deadline, would be for all students to leave high school “college or career ready.”
  170. provide
    give something useful or necessary to
    Instead, under the administration’s proposals, a new accountability system would divide schools into more categories, offering recognition to those that are succeeding and providing large new amounts of money to help improve or close failing schools.
  171. brief
    of short duration or distance
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  172. prohibit
    command against
    States that prohibit the use of test scores in teacher evaluations, for example, are not eligible for the funds.
  173. earlier
    (comparative and superlative of `early') more early than; most early
    The new standards will also define what students need to learn in earlier grades to advance successfully toward high school graduation.
  174. repeatedly
    several time
    Schools that repeatedly miss targets face harsher sanctions, which can include staff dismissals and closings.
  175. Bruce
    king of Scotland from 1306 to 1329; defeated the English army under Edward II at Bannockburn and gained recognition of Scottish independence (1274-1329)
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  176. insert
    introduce
    Educators who have talked to the administration said the officials appeared to be considering inserting similar provisions into the main education law, by requiring the use of student data in teacher evaluation systems as a condition for receiving federal education money.
  177. label
    a brief description given for purposes of identification
    The law has, to date, labeled some 30,000 schools as “in need of improvement,” a euphemism for failing, but states and districts have done little to change them.
  178. approve
    judge to be right or commendable; think well of
    The changes would have to be approved by Congress, which has been at a stalemate for years over how to change the policy.
  179. career
    the particular occupation for which you are trained
    A new goal, which would replace the 2014 universal proficiency deadline, would be for all students to leave high school “college or career ready.”
  180. union
    the state of being joined or united or linked
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  181. leave behind
    depart and not take along
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  182. recent
    of the immediate past or just previous to the present time
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  183. graduate
    receive an academic degree upon completion of one's studies
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  184. distribution
    the act of distributing or spreading or apportioning
    Now the administration hopes to apply similar conditions to the distribution of the billions of dollars that the Department of Education hands out to states and districts as part of its annual budget.
  185. equivalent
    being essentially equal to something
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  186. sweeping
    taking in or moving over (or as if over) a wide area; often used in combination
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  187. legislative
    relating to a legislature or composed of members of a legislature
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  188. effort
    use of physical or mental energy; hard work
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  189. congressional
    of or relating to congress
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  190. in public
    in a manner accessible to or observable by the public; openly
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  191. standard
    a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  192. boards
    the stage of a theater
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  193. qualify
    describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of
    One section of the current Bush-era law has required states to certify that all teachers are highly qualified, based on their college coursework and state-issued credentials.
  194. measured
    having notes of fixed rhythmic value
    Currently the education law requires the nation’s 98,000 public schools to make “adequate yearly progress” as measured by student test scores.
  195. publicly
    in a manner accessible to or observable by the public; openly
    Mr. Duncan has publicly endorsed such an approach, Mr. Cunningham said.
  196. loudly
    with relatively high volume
    Educators have complained loudly in the eight years since the law was signed that it was branding tens of thousands of schools as failing but not forcing them to change.
  197. oppose
    be against; express opposition to
    That effort collapsed, partly because teachers’ unions and other educator groups opposed an effort to incorporate merit pay provisions into a rewritten law.
  198. dropping
    coming down freely under the influence of gravity
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  199. charter
    a document incorporating an institution and specifying its rights; includes the articles of incorporation and the certificate of incorporation
    The competition has also encouraged states to open the door to more charter schools, which receive public money but are run by independent groups.
  200. minority
    being or relating to the smaller in number of two parts
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  201. new
    not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  202. divide
    a serious disagreement between two groups of people (typically producing tension or hostility)
    Instead, under the administration’s proposals, a new accountability system would divide schools into more categories, offering recognition to those that are succeeding and providing large new amounts of money to help improve or close failing schools.
  203. pledge
    a binding commitment to do or give or refrain from something
    They want to upend that scheme by making states and districts pledge to take actions the administration considers reform, before they get the money.”
  204. current
    occurring in or belonging to the present time
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  205. sanction
    official permission or approval
    Schools that repeatedly miss targets face harsher sanctions, which can include staff dismissals and closings.
  206. race
    a contest of speed
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  207. successfully
    with success; in a successful manner
    The new standards will also define what students need to learn in earlier grades to advance successfully toward high school graduation.
  208. top
    the upper part of anything
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  209. persuade
    cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action; twist somebody's arm
    In his State of the Union address, Mr. Obama hailed the results so far of that competition, which has persuaded states from Rhode Island to California to make changes in their education laws.
  210. focus
    the concentration of attention or energy on something
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  211. miss
    fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind
    Schools that miss their targets in reading and math must offer students the opportunity to transfer to other schools and free after-school tutoring.
  212. similar
    having the same or similar characteristics
    Now the administration hopes to apply similar conditions to the distribution of the billions of dollars that the Department of Education hands out to states and districts as part of its annual budget.
  213. develop
    grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  214. helping
    an individual quantity of food or drink taken as part of a meal
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  215. acknowledge
    declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  216. award
    give, especially as an honor or reward
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  217. grade
    a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
    The new standards will also define what students need to learn in earlier grades to advance successfully toward high school graduation.
  218. consider
    think about carefully; weigh
    They want to upend that scheme by making states and districts pledge to take actions the administration considers reform, before they get the money.”
  219. era
    a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event
    One section of the current Bush-era law has required states to certify that all teachers are highly qualified, based on their college coursework and state-issued credentials.
  220. acknowledged
    recognized or made known or admitted
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  221. main
    most important element
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  222. decline
    grow worse
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  223. receive
    get something; come into possession of
    The competition has also encouraged states to open the door to more charter schools, which receive public money but are run by independent groups.
  224. want
    the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  225. finance
    the commercial activity of providing funds and capital
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  226. Monday
    the second day of the week; the first working day
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  227. tremendous
    extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  228. recognition
    the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering
    Instead, under the administration’s proposals, a new accountability system would divide schools into more categories, offering recognition to those that are succeeding and providing large new amounts of money to help improve or close failing schools.
  229. issue
    some situation or event that is thought about
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  230. attend
    be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  231. contend
    compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  232. dollar
    the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  233. propose
    present for consideration, examination, criticism, etc.
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  234. plan
    a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  235. approved
    established by authority; given authoritative approval
    The changes would have to be approved by Congress, which has been at a stalemate for years over how to change the policy.
  236. hail
    precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents
    In his State of the Union address, Mr. Obama hailed the results so far of that competition, which has persuaded states from Rhode Island to California to make changes in their education laws.
  237. making
    the act that results in something coming to be
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  238. high
    (literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high')
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  239. succeed
    attain success or reach a desired goal
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  240. funds
    assets in the form of money
    States that prohibit the use of test scores in teacher evaluations, for example, are not eligible for the funds.
  241. transfer
    move from one place to another
    Schools that miss their targets in reading and math must offer students the opportunity to transfer to other schools and free after-school tutoring.
  242. improvement
    the act of improving something
    The law has, to date, labeled some 30,000 schools as “in need of improvement,” a euphemism for failing, but states and districts have done little to change them.
  243. decade
    the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  244. brand
    a name given to a product or service
    Educators have complained loudly in the eight years since the law was signed that it was branding tens of thousands of schools as failing but not forcing them to change.
  245. judge
    a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  246. raising
    the event of something being raised upward
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  247. need
    have need of
    The new standards will also define what students need to learn in earlier grades to advance successfully toward high school graduation.
  248. included
    enclosed in the same envelope or package
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  249. especially
    to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  250. create
    bring into existence
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  251. use
    put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose
    States that prohibit the use of test scores in teacher evaluations, for example, are not eligible for the funds.
  252. opposed
    being in opposition or having an opponent
    That effort collapsed, partly because teachers’ unions and other educator groups opposed an effort to incorporate merit pay provisions into a rewritten law.
  253. close
    at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  254. make
    perform or carry out
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  255. said
    being the one previously mentioned or spoken of
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  256. offering
    something offered (as a proposal or bid)
    Instead, under the administration’s proposals, a new accountability system would divide schools into more categories, offering recognition to those that are succeeding and providing large new amounts of money to help improve or close failing schools.
  257. govern
    exercise authority over; as of nations
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  258. get it
    understand, usually after some initial difficulty
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  259. role
    the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  260. call for
    express the need or desire for; ask for
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  261. stroke
    a single complete movement
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  262. signed
    having a handwritten signature
    Educators have complained loudly in the eight years since the law was signed that it was branding tens of thousands of schools as failing but not forcing them to change.
  263. also
    in addition
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  264. low
    less than normal in degree or intensity or amount
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  265. for example
    as an example
    States that prohibit the use of test scores in teacher evaluations, for example, are not eligible for the funds.
  266. worn
    affected by wear; damaged by long use
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  267. say
    utter aloud
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  268. details
    true confidential information
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  269. universal
    applicable to or common to all members of a group or set
    A new goal, which would replace the 2014 universal proficiency deadline, would be for all students to leave high school “college or career ready.”
  270. developed
    being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  271. describe
    give a description of
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  272. condition
    a mode of being or form of existence of a person or thing
    Now the administration hopes to apply similar conditions to the distribution of the billions of dollars that the Department of Education hands out to states and districts as part of its annual budget.
  273. action
    something done (usually as opposed to something said)
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  274. neglect
    leave undone or leave out
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  275. attract
    exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  276. White House
    the government building that serves as the residence and office of the President of the United States
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  277. merit
    the quality of being deserving (e.g., deserving assistance)
    That effort collapsed, partly because teachers’ unions and other educator groups opposed an effort to incorporate merit pay provisions into a rewritten law.
  278. Democratic
    belong to or relating to the Democratic Party
    Earlier this month, Mr. Duncan and more than a dozen other administration officials took steps toward organizing a new rewrite, meeting with the Democratic chairmen and ranking Republican members of the education committees in both houses of Congress.
  279. ready
    completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress
    A new goal, which would replace the 2014 universal proficiency deadline, would be for all students to leave high school “college or career ready.”
  280. independent
    free from external control and constraint
    The competition has also encouraged states to open the door to more charter schools, which receive public money but are run by independent groups.
  281. bringing
    the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail)
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  282. failure
    an act that fails
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  283. September
    the month following August and preceding October
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  284. opposition
    the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  285. performance
    the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  286. complain
    express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness
    Educators have complained loudly in the eight years since the law was signed that it was branding tens of thousands of schools as failing but not forcing them to change.
  287. scheme
    an elaborate and systematic plan of action
    They want to upend that scheme by making states and districts pledge to take actions the administration considers reform, before they get the money.”
  288. card
    thin cardboard, usually rectangular
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  289. reform
    make changes for improvement in order to remove abuse and injustices
    They want to upend that scheme by making states and districts pledge to take actions the administration considers reform, before they get the money.”
  290. year
    the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  291. chairman
    the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization
    Earlier this month, Mr. Duncan and more than a dozen other administration officials took steps toward organizing a new rewrite, meeting with the Democratic chairmen and ranking Republican members of the education committees in both houses of Congress.
  292. partly
    in part; in some degree; not wholly
    That effort collapsed, partly because teachers’ unions and other educator groups opposed an effort to incorporate merit pay provisions into a rewritten law.
  293. praise
    an expression of approval and commendation
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  294. clear
    readily apparent to the mind
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  295. ten
    the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  296. nation
    a politically organized body of people under a single government
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  297. highly
    to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect
    One section of the current Bush-era law has required states to certify that all teachers are highly qualified, based on their college coursework and state-issued credentials.
  298. numbers
    an illegal daily lottery
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  299. California
    a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes
    In his State of the Union address, Mr. Obama hailed the results so far of that competition, which has persuaded states from Rhode Island to California to make changes in their education laws.
  300. close to
    (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  301. staff
    a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose
    Schools that repeatedly miss targets face harsher sanctions, which can include staff dismissals and closings.
  302. abandon
    forsake, leave behind
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  303. offer
    present for acceptance or rejection
    Schools that miss their targets in reading and math must offer students the opportunity to transfer to other schools and free after-school tutoring.
  304. successful
    having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  305. services
    performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others
    “Right now most federal money goes out in formulas, so schools know how much they’ll get, and then use it to provide services for poor children.
  306. section
    one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object
    One section of the current Bush-era law has required states to certify that all teachers are highly qualified, based on their college coursework and state-issued credentials.
  307. principal
    most important element
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  308. raise
    move upwards
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  309. fund
    a reserve of money set aside for some purpose
    States that prohibit the use of test scores in teacher evaluations, for example, are not eligible for the funds.
  310. child
    a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  311. representative
    serving to represent or typify
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  312. leaders
    the body of people who lead a group
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  313. out in
    enter a harbor
    “Right now most federal money goes out in formulas, so schools know how much they’ll get, and then use it to provide services for poor children.
  314. refer
    send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  315. center
    an area that is approximately central within some larger region
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  316. Union
    the United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War)
    In his State of the Union address, Mr. Obama hailed the results so far of that competition, which has persuaded states from Rhode Island to California to make changes in their education laws.
  317. dozen
    the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one
    Earlier this month, Mr. Duncan and more than a dozen other administration officials took steps toward organizing a new rewrite, meeting with the Democratic chairmen and ranking Republican members of the education committees in both houses of Congress.
  318. advance
    move forward, also in the metaphorical sense
    The new standards will also define what students need to learn in earlier grades to advance successfully toward high school graduation.
  319. conditions
    the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process
    Now the administration hopes to apply similar conditions to the distribution of the billions of dollars that the Department of Education hands out to states and districts as part of its annual budget.
  320. portion
    something determined in relation to something that includes it
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  321. perform
    get (something) done
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  322. too much
    more than necessary
    The department thinks that’s become too much of an entitlement.
  323. poor
    having little money or few possessions
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  324. more
    (comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  325. director
    someone who controls resources and expenditures
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  326. sweep
    sweep with a broom or as if with a broom
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  327. program
    a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  328. apply
    put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose
    Now the administration hopes to apply similar conditions to the distribution of the billions of dollars that the Department of Education hands out to states and districts as part of its annual budget.
  329. steps
    the course along which a person has walked or is walking in
    Earlier this month, Mr. Duncan and more than a dozen other administration officials took steps toward organizing a new rewrite, meeting with the Democratic chairmen and ranking Republican members of the education committees in both houses of Congress.
  330. process
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  331. Republican
    a member of the Republican Party
    Earlier this month, Mr. Duncan and more than a dozen other administration officials took steps toward organizing a new rewrite, meeting with the Democratic chairmen and ranking Republican members of the education committees in both houses of Congress.
  332. American
    of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  333. reading
    written material intended to be read
    Schools that miss their targets in reading and math must offer students the opportunity to transfer to other schools and free after-school tutoring.
  334. Peter
    disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope
    Peter Cunningham, a Department of Education spokesman, acknowledged that the administration was planning to ask Congress for broad changes to the education law, but declined to describe the changes specifically.
  335. help
    give help or assistance; be of service
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  336. date
    the specified day of the month
    The law has, to date, labeled some 30,000 schools as “in need of improvement,” a euphemism for failing, but states and districts have done little to change them.
  337. grant
    let have
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  338. other
    not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  339. detail
    a small part that can be considered separately from the whole
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  340. more than
    (comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  341. appear
    come into sight or view
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  342. serious
    of great consequence
    The last serious attempt to rewrite the law was in 2007.
  343. Jack
    a man who serves as a sailor
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  344. quality
    an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone
    Yet the administration is not planning to abandon the law’s commitments to closing the achievement gap between minority and white students and to encouraging teacher quality.
  345. rank
    relative status
    Earlier this month, Mr. Duncan and more than a dozen other administration officials took steps toward organizing a new rewrite, meeting with the Democratic chairmen and ranking Republican members of the education committees in both houses of Congress.
  346. go out
    move out of or depart from
    “Right now most federal money goes out in formulas, so schools know how much they’ll get, and then use it to provide services for poor children.
  347. White
    a member of the Caucasoid race
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  348. amount
    how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify
    Instead, under the administration’s proposals, a new accountability system would divide schools into more categories, offering recognition to those that are succeeding and providing large new amounts of money to help improve or close failing schools.
  349. committee
    a special group delegated to consider some matter
    Earlier this month, Mr. Duncan and more than a dozen other administration officials took steps toward organizing a new rewrite, meeting with the Democratic chairmen and ranking Republican members of the education committees in both houses of Congress.
  350. opportunity
    a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances
    Schools that miss their targets in reading and math must offer students the opportunity to transfer to other schools and free after-school tutoring.
  351. out to
    fixed in your purpose
    Now the administration hopes to apply similar conditions to the distribution of the billions of dollars that the Department of Education hands out to states and districts as part of its annual budget.
  352. built
    (used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness
    In recent meetings with representatives of education groups, Department of Education officials have said they also want to eliminate the school ratings system built on making “adequate yearly progress” on student test scores.
  353. to it
    to that
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  354. impossible
    not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  355. so far
    to the degree or extent that
    In his State of the Union address, Mr. Obama hailed the results so far of that competition, which has persuaded states from Rhode Island to California to make changes in their education laws.
  356. aid
    the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  357. meet
    come together
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  358. measure
    determine the measurements of something or somebody, take measurements of
    Currently the education law requires the nation’s 98,000 public schools to make “adequate yearly progress” as measured by student test scores.
  359. make it
    succeed in a big way; get to the top
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  360. secretary
    an assistant who handles correspondence and clerical work for a boss or an organization
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  361. various
    having great diversity or variety
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  362. expected
    considered likely or probable to happen or arrive
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  363. governor
    the head of a state government
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  364. example
    an item of information that is typical of a class or group
    States that prohibit the use of test scores in teacher evaluations, for example, are not eligible for the funds.
  365. both
    (used with count nouns) two considered together; the two
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  366. eight
    the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one
    Educators have complained loudly in the eight years since the law was signed that it was branding tens of thousands of schools as failing but not forcing them to change.
  367. address
    the place where a person or organization can be found or communicated with
    In his State of the Union address, Mr. Obama hailed the results so far of that competition, which has persuaded states from Rhode Island to California to make changes in their education laws.
  368. speech
    (language) communication by word of mouth
    The secretary of education, Arne Duncan, foreshadowed the elimination of the 2014 deadline in a September speech, referring to it as a “utopian goal,” and administration officials have since made clear that they want the deadline eliminated.
  369. language
    a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  370. pass
    go across or through
    The current system issues the equivalent of a pass-fail report card for every school each year, an evaluation that administration officials say fails to differentiate among chaotic schools in chronic failure, schools that are helping low-scoring students improve and high-performing suburban schools that nonetheless appear to be neglecting some low-scoring students.
  371. made
    produced by a manufacturing process
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  372. can
    airtight sealed metal container for food or drink or paint etc.
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  373. leader
    a person who rules or guides or inspires others
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  374. approach
    move towards
    Mr. Duncan has publicly endorsed such an approach, Mr. Cunningham said.
  375. get
    come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  376. attention
    the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others
    The education law has been praised for focusing attention on achievement gaps, but it has also generated tremendous opposition, especially from educators, who contend that it sets impossible goals for students and schools and humiliates students and educators when they fall short.
  377. mark
    a distinguishing symbol
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  378. bill
    an itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered
    The administration has already made its mark on education through Race to the Top, a federal grant program in which 40 states are competing for $4 billion in education money included in last year’s federal stimulus bill.
  379. instead
    in place of, or as an alternative to
    Instead, under the administration’s proposals, a new accountability system would divide schools into more categories, offering recognition to those that are succeeding and providing large new amounts of money to help improve or close failing schools.
  380. according
    (followed by `to') in agreement with or accordant with
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  381. picture
    a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  382. part
    one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole
    Now the administration hopes to apply similar conditions to the distribution of the billions of dollars that the Department of Education hands out to states and districts as part of its annual budget.
  383. drop
    let fall to the ground
    “They were very clear with us that they would change the metric, dropping adequate yearly progress and basing a new system on another picture of performance based on judging schools in a more nuanced way,” said Bruce Hunter, director of public policy for the American Association of School Administrators, who attended one of the meetings.
  384. support
    the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening
    He said that although the administration had developed various proposals, it would solicit input from Congressional leaders of both parties in coming weeks to create legislative language that can attract bipartisan support.
  385. board
    a stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes
    Educators who have been briefed by administration officials said the proposals for changes in the main law governing the federal role in public schools would eliminate or rework many of the provisions that teachers’ unions, associations of principals, school boards and other groups have found most objectionable.
  386. attempt
    make an effort or attempt
    The last serious attempt to rewrite the law was in 2007.
  387. accord
    concurrence of opinion
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.
  388. sign
    a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)
    Educators have complained loudly in the eight years since the law was signed that it was branding tens of thousands of schools as failing but not forcing them to change.
  389. taking
    the act of someone who picks up or takes something
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  390. some
    quantifier; used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity
    Some details of the president’s proposals are expected to be made public on Monday, when the president outlines his $3.8 trillion budget for the 2011 fiscal year.
  391. years
    a prolonged period of time
    The changes would have to be approved by Congress, which has been at a stalemate for years over how to change the policy.
  392. wear
    put clothing on one's body
    The well-worn formulas for distributing tens of billions of dollars in federal aid have, for decades, been a mainstay of the annual budgeting process in the nation’s 14,000 school districts.
  393. every
    (used of count nouns) each and all of the members of a group considered singly and without exception
    The Obama administration is proposing a sweeping overhaul of President Bush’s signature education law, No Child Left Behind, and will call for broad changes in how schools are judged to be succeeding or failing, as well as for the elimination of the law’s 2014 deadline for bringing every American child to academic proficiency.
  394. national
    of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country
    Currently more than 40 states are collaborating, in an effort coordinated by the National Governors Association and encouraged by the administration, to write common standards defining what it means to be a graduate from high school ready for college or a career.
  395. take
    get into one's hands, take physically
    “They want to recast the law so that it is as close to Race to the Top as they can get it, making the money conditional on districts’ taking action to improve schools,” said Jack Jennings, president of the Center on Education Policy, who attended a recent meeting at which administration officials outlined their plans in broad strokes.
  396. at least
    not less than
    In the Race to the Top competition, the administration has required participating states to develop the capability to evaluate teachers based on student test data, at least in part, and on whether teachers are successful in raising student achievement.
  397. island
    a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water
    In his State of the Union address, Mr. Obama hailed the results so far of that competition, which has persuaded states from Rhode Island to California to make changes in their education laws.
  398. house
    a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families
    Significantly, said those who have been briefed, the White House wants to change federal financing formulas so that a portion of the money is awarded based on academic progress, rather than by formulas that apportion money to districts according to their numbers of students, especially poor students.