History, Grades 1-5 590 words

in the Christian era; used before dates after the supposed year Christ was born

a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

an American whose ancestors were born in Africa

the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

a large warship that carries planes and has a long flat deck for takeoffs and landings

a siege and massacre at a mission in San Antonio in 1836; Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico

a state in northwestern North America; the 49th state admitted to the union

United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922)

United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804)

king of Wessex; defeated the Vikings and encouraged writing in English (849-899)

first woman aviator to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic (1928); while attempting to fly around the world she disappeared over the Pacific (1898-1937)

North America and South America and Central America

the revolution of the American Colonies against Great Britain; 1775-1783

worship of ancestors

a mountain range in South America running 5000 miles along the Pacific coast

7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815; expanded the power of the presidency (1767-1845)

in the Christian era; used before dates after the supposed year Christ was born

a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley

an anthropologist who studies prehistoric people and their culture

the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures

the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings

the military forces of a nation

a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens

the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations

an American who is of Asian descent

mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it

an early form of sextant

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

the smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean

a biography of yourself

a member of the Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519

before the Christian era; used following dates before the supposed year Christ was born

of the period before the Common Era; preferred by some writers who are not Christians

capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the Tigris River

the major mountain range of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula

either of two battles during the American Civil War (1861 and 1862); Confederate forces defeated the Federal army in both battles

the decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest

Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)

printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as a scientist he is remembered particularly for his research in electricity (1706-1790)

commercial enterprises organized and financed on a scale large enough to influence social and political policies

a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

a sea between Europe and Asia; a popular resort area of eastern Europeans

a city in western India just off the coast of the Arabian Sea; India's 2nd largest city (after Calcutta); has the only natural deep-water harbor in western India

United States educator who was born a slave but became educated and founded a college at Tuskegee in Alabama (1856-1915)

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Indians) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor; organized as a protest against taxes on tea

a weapon consisting of arrows and the bow to shoot them

the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads

the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter

the fictional character of a rabbit who appeared in tales supposedly told by Uncle Remus and first published in 1880

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; `Great Britain' is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

founder of Buddhism; worshipped as a god (c 563-483 BC)

the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth

capital and largest city of Argentina; located in eastern Argentina near Uruguay; Argentina's chief port and industrial and cultural center

a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395

an ancient city on the Bosporus founded by the Greeks; site of modern Istanbul; in 330 Constantine I rebuilt the city and called it Constantinople and made it his capital

of the period coinciding with the Christian era; preferred by some writers who are not Christians

the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa; a major port just to the south of the Nile delta; formerly the home of the Pharaohs

a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes

cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions

a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada

a city on the Zhu Jiang delta in southern China; the capital of Guangdong province and a major deep-water port

region including the Caribbean Islands

an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697

a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity

a large building formerly occupied by a ruler and fortified against attack

a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living around Cayuga Lake in New York State

a landlocked country in central Africa; formerly under French control; became independent in 1960

the isthmus joining North America and South America; extends from the southern border of Mexico to the northern border of Colombia

in World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies

United States labor leader who organized farm workers (born 1927)

a two-wheeled horse-drawn battle vehicle; used in war and races in ancient Egypt and Greece and Rome

king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)

a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living in the Appalachian Mountains but now chiefly in Oklahoma

a member of the Muskhogean people formerly living in northern Mississippi

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

a Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Christ; a quarter day in England, Wales, and Ireland

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)

a Roman statesman and orator remembered for his mastery of Latin prose (106-43 BC)

Roman statesman regarded as a model of simple virtue; he twice was called to assume dictatorship of Rome and each time retired to his farm (519-438 BC)

the fifth of May which is observed in Mexico and Mexican-American communities in the United States to commemorate the Mexican victory over the French in the Battle of Puebla in 1862

the status of a citizen with rights and duties

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

a war between factions in the same country

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

a state of political hostility that existed from 1945 until 1990 between countries led by the Soviet Union and countries led by the United States

a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)

of the period coinciding with the Christian era; preferred by some writers who are not Christians

the good of a community

a person who holds no title

the activity of designing and constructing and programming computers

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

the southern army during the American Civil War

the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China

Chinese philosopher whose ideas and sayings were collected after his death and became the basis of a philosophical doctrine known a Confucianism (circa 551-478 BC)

Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337)

the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states

the convention of United States statesmen who drafted the United States Constitution in 1787

Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)

a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers

the territory occupied by a nation

the country where you were born

a hired hand who tends cattle and performs other duties on horseback

the skilled practice of a practical occupation

the quality of being believable or trustworthy

a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale

the largest island in the West Indies

accepted or habitual practice

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music

an American pioneer and guide and explorer (1734-1820)

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain

the older of two major political parties in the United States

a country that is poor and whose citizens are mostly agricultural workers but that wants to become more advanced socially and economically

French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France; principal editor of an encyclopedia that disseminated the scientific and philosophical knowledge of the time (1713-1784)

a conflict of people's opinions or actions or characters

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

any of various animals that have been tamed and made fit for a human environment

a region subject to dust storms; especially the central region of United States subject to dust storms in the 1930s

the people of the Netherlands

something that remunerates

shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity

a geographical area in eastern Africa

the hemisphere that includes Eurasia and Africa and Australia

a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395

the system of production and distribution and consumption

English clergyman who invented the power loom (1743-1823)

a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC

wife of Franklin Roosevelt and a strong advocate of human rights (1884-1962)

an island in New York Bay that was formerly the principal immigration station for the United States

freeing someone from the control of another; especially a parent's relinquishing authority and control over a minor child

the male ruler of an empire

a division of the United Kingdom

a movement in Europe from about 1650 until 1800 that advocated the use of reason and individualism instead of tradition and established doctrine

those involved in providing entertainment: radio and television and films and theater

the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status

an artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo; built in the 19th century; now part of the New York State Barge Canal

the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

a family consisting of the nuclear family and their blood relatives

part of a patient's medical history in which questions are asked in an attempt to find out whether the patient has hereditary tendencies toward particular diseases

workplace consisting of farm buildings and cultivated land as a unit

Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521)

any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile

a tale circulated by word of mouth among the common folk

a policy governing international relations

a legal holiday in the United States

Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)

United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)

a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

a civil right guaranteed by the First Amendment to the US Constitution

a civil right guaranteed by the First Amendment to the US Constitution

the revolution in France against the Bourbons; 1789-1799

a man who lives on the frontier

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)

Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882)

Mongolian emperor whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean (1162-1227)

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

vice president under Reagan and 41st President of the United States (born in 1924)

43rd President of the United States; son of George Herbert Walker Bush (born in 1946)

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)

United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)

38th President of the United States; appointed vice president and succeeded Nixon when Nixon resigned (1913-)

Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)

(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

a vast prairie region extending from Alberta and Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Canada south through the west central United States into Texas; formerly inhabited by Native Americans

a city on the Zhu Jiang delta in southern China; the capital of Guangdong province and a major deep-water port

a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks

the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Hijja; at least once in a lifetime a Muslim is expected to make a religious journey to Mecca and the Kaaba

a terraced garden at Babylon watered by pumps from the Euphrates; construction attributed to Nebuchadnezzar around 600 BC

a period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)

a state in the United States in the central Pacific on the Hawaiian Islands

French painter and sculptor; leading figure of fauvism (1869-1954)

United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)

31st President of the United States; in 1929 the stock market crashed and the economy collapsed and Hoover was defeated for reelection by Franklin Roosevelt (1874-1964)

the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)

a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and based on a caste system; it is characterized by a belief in reincarnation, by a belief in a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a desire for liberation from earthly evils

an American whose first language is Spanish

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

writing having historical value (as opposed to fiction or myth etc.)

a record or narrative description of past events

the civilian population (and their activities) of a country at war

without nationality or citizenship

a primate of the family Hominidae

a member of the Shoshonean people of northeastern Arizona

an appliance that does a particular job in the home

structures collectively in which people are housed

the series of wars fought intermittently between France and England; 1337-1453

a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation

a song of praise (to God or to a saint or to a nation)

freedom from control or influence of another or others

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

the 3rd largest ocean; bounded by Africa on the west, Asia on the north, Australia on the east and merging with the Antarctic Ocean to the south

a republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions

the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation

a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact

(usually plural) a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims

a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange

a member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia); the Algonquians called them Eskimo (`eaters of raw flesh') but they call themselves the Inuit (`the people')

the act of inventing

an island comprising the republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

a family of North American Indian languages spoken by the Iroquois

the monotheistic religious system of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran

the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed

an ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Saul around 1025 BC and destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 BC

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

United States baseball player; first Black to play in the major leagues (1919-1972)

French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)

English inventor of the spinning jenny (1720-1778)

5th President of the United States; author of the Monroe Doctrine (1758-1831)

Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819)

a constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago; a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building

a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)

a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties

United States pioneer and hero of the Texas revolt against Mexico; he shared command of the garrison that resisted the Mexican attack on the Alamo where he died (1796-1836)

barrier preventing blacks from participating in various activities with whites

2nd President of the United States (1735-1826)

made the first orbital rocket-powered flight by a United States astronaut in 1962; later in United States Senate (1921-)

American revolutionary patriot who was president of the Continental Congress; was the first signer of the Declaration of Independence (1737-1793)

hero of American folk tales; portrayed as an enormously strong black man who worked on the railroads and died from exhaustion after winning a contest with a steam drill

United States virologist who developed the Salk vaccine that is injected against poliomyelitis (born 1914)

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud

conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565)

(Islam) a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine; believed to have been given by Gabriel to Abraham; Muslims turn in its direction when praying

the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625)

the domain ruled by a king or queen

a former political party in the United States; active in the 1850s to keep power out of the hands of immigrants and Roman Catholics

an Asian peninsula (off Manchuria) separating the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan; the Korean name is Dae-Han-Min-Gook or Han-Gook

first Monday in September in the United States and Canada

an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement

a holder or proprietor of land

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

the parts of North America and South America to the south of the United States where Romance languages are spoken

a native of Latin America

the collection of rules imposed by authority

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations; although suggested by Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined and it remained powerless; it was dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations was formed

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)

the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775)

the bell of Independence Hall; rung 8 July 1776 to announce the signing of the Declaration of Independence

a manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes

memorial building in Washington containing a large marble statue of Abraham Lincoln

the ability to read and write

French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)

a state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

territory in the western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million; extends from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada

a period of 12 lunar months

the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group

a constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957

a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years

a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God)

the landed estate of a lord (including the house on it)

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324)

Emperor of Rome; nephew and son-in-law and adoptive son of Antonius Pius; Stoic philosopher; the decline of the Roman Empire began under Marcus Aurelius (121-180)

French chemist (born in Poland) who won two Nobel prizes; one (with her husband and Henri Becquerel) for research on radioactivity and another for her discovery of radium and polonium (1867-1934)

United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)

the production of large quantities of a standardized article (often using assembly line techniques)

legal holiday in the United States, last Monday in May; commemorates the members of the United States armed forces who were killed in war

a businessperson engaged in retail trade

Mexico and Central America

the land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as Iraq

a republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

the social class between the lower and upper classes

the area around the eastern Mediterranean; from Turkey to northern Africa and eastward to Iran; the site of such ancient civilizations as Phoenicia and Babylon and Egypt and the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity and Islam; had continuous economic and political turmoil in the 20th century

a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

making modern in appearance or behavior

a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living along the Mohawk River in New York State

a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers

a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

a believer in or follower of Islam

the country where you were born

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

a man who lives on the frontier

a mountain in the Black Hills of South Dakota; the likenesses of Washington and Jefferson and Lincoln and Roosevelt are carved on it

the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632)

embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy

a believer in or follower of Islam

a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

a politically organized body of people under a single government

an emblem flown as a symbol of nationality

authorized by law and limiting work or official business

a tract of land declared by the national government to be public property

of or pertaining to American Indians or their culture or languages

resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature

the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place

extinct robust human of Middle Paleolithic in Europe and western Asia

Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Roman Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68)

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

the economic policy of F. D. Roosevelt

a region of northeastern United States comprising Maine and New Hampshire and Vermont and Massachusetts and Rhode Island and Connecticut

a state in southwestern United States on the Mexican border

a port and largest city in Louisiana; located in southeastern Louisiana near the mouth of the Mississippi river; a major center for offshore drilling for oil in the Gulf of Mexico; jazz originated here among black musicians in the late 19th century; Mardi Gras is celebrated here each year

the collection of books of the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the Pauline and other epistles, and Revelation; composed soon after Christ's death; the second half of the Christian Bible

an independent country within the British Commonwealth; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1907; known for sheep and spectacular scenery

English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)

a member of a tribe of the Shahaptian people living on the pacific coast

peaceful resistance to a government by fasting or refusing to cooperate

an area of northern Africa between the Sahara and the Mediterranean Sea

a continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama

the northeastern region of the United States

an ancient region of northeastern Africa (southern Egypt and northern Sudan) on the Nile; much of Nubia is now under Lake Nasser

a large group of islands in the south Pacific including Melanesia and Micronesia and Polynesia (and sometimes Australasia and the Malay Archipelago)

a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living east of Lake Ontario

a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living between Lake Champlain and the Saint Lawrence River

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe; created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and lasted until the end of World War I; although initially small it expanded until it superseded the Byzantine Empire

someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

United States showman who popularized the circus (1810-1891)

prolific and influential Spanish artist who lived in France (1881-1973)

an ancient country in southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea; a place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam and Judaism

a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)

(Greek mythology) the prince of Troy who abducted Helen from her husband Menelaus and provoked the Trojan War

earlier than the present time; no longer current

a legendary giant lumberjack of the north woods of the United States and Canada

(New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an Apostle

someone who keeps peace

a harbor on Oahu to the west of Honolulu; location of a United States naval base that was attacked by the Japanese on 7 Dec 1941

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries

the title of the ancient Egyptian kings

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

an ancient maritime country (a collection of city states) at eastern end of the Mediterranean

the study of physical features of the earth's surface

a graphic character used in picture writing

someone who journeys in foreign lands

an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

a town in Massachusetts founded by Pilgrims in 1620

a mental position from which things are viewed

ancient city to the southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius

express mail carried by relays of riders on horseback; especially between Missouri and California around 1860

increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state

ceramic ware made from clay and baked in a kiln

a treeless grassy plain

a machine used for printing

the act or process of producing something

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

a member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called `Pueblos' by the Spanish because they live in pueblos (villages built of adobe and rock)

a self-governing commonwealth associated with the United States occupying the island of Puerto Rico

medium for communication

the ninth month of the Islamic calendar; the month of fasting; the holiest period for the Islamic faith

farming for the raising of livestock (particularly cattle)

an urban public transit system using underground or elevated trains

Siberian peasant monk who was religious advisor in the court of Nicholas II; was assassinated by Russian noblemen who feared that his debauchery would weaken the monarchy (1872-1916)

the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877

a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

a disputant who advocates reform

the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries

leader of the American Revolution who proposed the resolution calling for independence of the American Colonies (1732-1794)

vice president under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States; resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974 (1913-1994)

a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment

an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the eastern or Byzantine Empire; at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome

the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC; was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

40th President of the United States (1911-2004)

United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national Civil Rights movement (born in 1913)

the class of people exerting power or authority

an area outside of cities and towns

a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state

a city in north central California 75 miles to the northeast of San Francisco on the Sacramento River; capital of California

United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863)

American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)

a city of south central Texas; site of the Alamo; site of several military bases and a popular haven for vacationers

a port in western California near the Golden Gate that is one of the major industrial and transportation centers; it has one of the world's finest harbors; site of the Golden Gate Bridge

capital of the state of New Mexico; located in north central New Mexico

a group of culturally related countries in northern Europe; Finland and Iceland are sometimes considered Scandinavian

Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)

a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living in New York State south of Lake Ontario

(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

the act of colonizing; the establishment of colonies

a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

a war of England and Prussia against France and Austria (1756-1763); Britain and Prussia got the better of it

small farmers and tenants

the second great battle of the American Civil War (1862); the battle ended with the withdrawal of Confederate troops but it was not a Union victory

a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters

an island to the south of the Malay Peninsula

a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains

a town in southeastern Alaska that was the capital of Russian America and served as the capital of Alaska from 1867 until 1906

a person who is owned by someone

traffic in slaves; especially in Black Africans transported to America in the 16th to 19th centuries

a favorite saying of a sect or political group

secretly importing prohibited goods or goods on which duty is due

people having the same social, economic, or educational status

ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC)

United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)

the sun with the celestial bodies that revolve around it in its gravitational field

the time for the earth to make one revolution around the sun, measured between two vernal equinoxes

(Old Testament) son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom (10th century BC)

a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Songhai in Mali and Niger

a place where food is dispensed to the needy

a continent in the western hemisphere connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama

a republic in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948

that part of the Pacific Ocean to the south of the equator

a geographical division of Asia that includes Indochina plus Indonesia and the Philippines and Singapore

the southwestern region of the United States generally including New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Nevada, California, and sometimes Utah and Colorado

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

civil war in Spain in which Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government; during the war Spain became a battleground for fascists and socialists from all countries; 1936-1939

a war between the United States and Spain in 1898

a sport that many people find entertaining to watch

an early spinning machine with multiple spindles

(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great Fathers of the early Christian church; after a dramatic conversion to Christianity he became bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa; St. Augustine emphasized man's need for grace (354-430)

the way something is with respect to its main attributes

a large monumental statue symbolizing liberty on Liberty Island in New York Bay

external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder

a locomotive powered by a steam engine

a ship powered by one or more steam engines

an ancient megalithic monument in southern England; probably used for ritual purposes

the region of Africa to the south of the Sahara Desert

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea

tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar

(Islam) the way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

the highest federal court in the United States; has final appellate jurisdiction and has jurisdiction over all other courts in the nation

United States suffragist (1820-1906)

the most widely spoken Bantu languages; the official language of Kenya and Tanzania and widely used as a lingua franca in east and central Africa

an Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization

a plan for attaining a particular goal

beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife

an improbable (unusual or incredible or fanciful) story

a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)

apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code)

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

the biblical commandments of Moses

the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico

fourth Thursday in November in the United States; second Monday in October in Canada; commemorates a feast held in 1621 by the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag

26th President of the United States; hero of the Spanish-American War; Panama Canal was built during his administration

3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826)

United States political cartoonist (1840-1902)

a city in central Mali near the Niger river; formerly famous for its gold trade

aromatic annual or perennial herbs and shrubs

the capital and largest city of Japan; the economic and cultural center of Japan

an implement used in the practice of a vocation

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

a route followed by traders (usually in caravans)

a path or track roughly blazed through wild or hilly country

a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; on the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the Young Turks, led by Kemal Ataturk, established a republic in 1923

the century from 1901 to 2000

secret aid to escaping slaves that was provided by abolitionists in the years before the American Civil War

the northern army during the American Civil War

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies

a city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century

a legal holiday in the United States; formerly Armistice Day but called Veterans' Day since 1954

a town in western Mississippi on bluffs above the Mississippi River to the west of Jackson; focus of an important campaign during the American Civil War as the Union fought to control the Mississippi River and so to cut the Confederacy into two halves

a communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea; achieved independence from France in 1945

a prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States

a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France

a political scandal involving abuse of power and bribery and obstruction of justice; led to the resignation of Richard Nixon in 1974

creating fabric

an area of western Africa between the Sahara Desert and the Gulf of Guinea

the hemisphere that includes North America and South America

the western part after the Roman Empire was divided in 395; it lasted only until 476

a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

the government building that serves as the residence and office of the President of the United States

duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England; he defeated Harold II at the battle of Hastings in 1066 and introduced many Norman customs into England (1027-1087)

British statesman and leader during World War II; received Nobel prize for literature in 1953 (1874-1965)

28th President of the United States; led the United States in World War I and secured the formation of the League of Nations (1856-1924)

a person who works at a specific occupation

a place where work is done

a war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918

a war between the Allies (Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Philippines, Poland, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, USSR, Yugoslavia) and the Axis (Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Rumania, Slovakia, Thailand) from 1939 to 1945

communication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten)

a written document preserving knowledge of facts or events

the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun

the day immediately before today