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Charles Dickens' "Oliver Twist" Chapters 1-13 343 words

Vocabulary study list for Charles Dickens' "Oliver Twist" (Chapters 1-13).

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  1. cogitate
    consider carefully and deeply; reflect upon; turn over in one's mind
    It chanced one morning, while Oliver's affairs were in this auspicious and comfortable state, that Mr. Gamfield, chimney-sweep, went his way down the High Street, deeply cogitating in his mind his ways and means of paying certain arrears of rent, f
  2. putrefy
    become putrid; decay with an offensive smell
    The very rats, which here and there lay putrefying in its rottenness, were hideous with famine.
  3. palpitate
    beat rapidly
    There the boy remained, with a palpitating heart, for half an hour.
  4. convulse
    move or stir about violently
    Little Oliver Twist lay on his back on the pavement, with his shirt unbuttoned, and his temples bathed with water; his face a deadly white; and a cold tremble convulsing his whole frame.
  5. actuate
    put in motion or move to act
    A weakness on his part, which affords the narrative an opportunity of relieving the reader from suspense, in behalf of the two young pupils of the Merry Old Gentleman; and of recording--

    That when the Dodger, and his accomplished friend Master Bates, joi
  6. pomposity
    lack of elegance as a consequence of being pompous and puffed up with vanity
    'Don't make your eyes red, Oliver, but eat your food and be thankful,' said Mr. Bumble, in a tone of impressive pomposity.
  7. encumber
    hold back
    Mr. Gamfield smiled, too, as he perused the document; for five pounds was just the sum he had been wishing for; and, as to the boy with which it was encumbered, Mr. Gamfield, knowing what the dietary of the workhouse was, well knew he would be a ni
  8. protrude
    extend out or project in space
    The old woman's face was wrinkled; her two remaining teeth protruded over her under lip; and her eyes were bright and piercing.
  9. indenture
    formal agreement between the issuer of bonds and the bondholders as to terms of the debt
    Mr. Bumble, was at once instructed that Oliver Twist and his indentures were to be conveyed before the magistrate, for signature and approval, that very afternoon.
  10. diurnal
    having a daily cycle or occurring every day
    No chance-child was he, for he could trace his genealogy all the way back to his parents, who lived hard by; his mother being a washerwoman, and his father a drunken soldier, discharged with a wooden leg, and a diurnal pension of twopence-halfpenny
  11. infuriate
    make furious
    He bent over Oliver, and repeated the inquiry; but finding him really incapable of understanding the question; and knowing that his not replying would only infuriate the magistrate the more, and add to the severity of his sentence; he hazarded a gu
  12. recommence
    cause to start anew
    At this point of Mr. Bumble's discourse, Oliver, just hearing enough to know that some allusion was being made to his mother, recommenced kicking, with a violence that rendered every other sound inaudible.
  13. discursive
    proceeding to a conclusion by reason or argument rather than intuition
    Although I do not mean to assert that it is usually the practice of renowned and learned sages, to shorten the road to any great conclusion (their course indeed being rather to lengthen the distance, by various circumlocutions and discursive stagge
  14. jostle
    make one's way by jostling, pushing, or shoving
    He is down upon the pavement; and the crowd eagerly gather round him: each new comer, jostling and struggling with the others to catch a glimpse.
  15. decrepitude
    a state of deterioration due to old age or long use
    The Jew stepped back in this emergency, with more agility than could have been anticipated in a man of his apparent decrepitude; and, seizing up the pot, prepared to hurl it at his assailant's head.
  16. sobriquet
    a familiar name for a person (often a shortened version of a person's given name)
    Mr. Dawkin's appearance did not say a vast deal in favour of the comforts which his patron's interest obtained for those whom he took under his protection; but, as he had a rather flightly and dissolute mode of conversing, and furthermore avowed that amon
  17. circumlocution
    an indirect way of expressing something
    Although I do not mean to assert that it is usually the practice of renowned and learned sages, to shorten the road to any great conclusion (their course indeed being rather to lengthen the distance, by various circumlocutions and discursive stagge
  18. expatiate
    add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing
    Whenever the Dodger or Charley Bates came home at night, empty-handed, he would expatiate with great vehemence on the misery of idle and lazy habits; and would enforce upon them the necessity of an active life, by sending them supperless to bed.
  19. captivate
    attract; cause to be enamored
    'Now don't you be offended at what I'm a going to say,' observed Mrs. Mann, with captivating sweetness.
  20. diverge
    move or draw apart
    Covered ways and yards, which here and there diverged from the main street, disclosed little knots of houses, where drunken men and women were positively wallowing in filth; and from several of the door-ways, great ill-looking fellows were cautious
  21. snivel
    cry or whine with snuffling
    'What's set you a snivelling now?'
  22. choleric
    characterized by anger
    Now, Mr. Bumble was a fat man, and a choleric; so, instead of responding to this open-hearted salutation in a kindred spirit, he gave the little wicket a tremendous shake, and then bestowed upon it a kick which could have emanated from no leg but a
  23. trudge
    walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud
    But Oliver's thoughts, like those of most other people, although they were extremely ready and active to point out his difficulties, were wholly at a loss to suggest any feasible mode of surmounting them; so, after a good deal of thinking to no particular
  24. confiscate
    take temporary possession of as a security, by legal authority
    He made no answer: being occupied mentally bewailing the loss of the flute, which had been confiscated for the use of the county: so Nancy passed on to the next cell, and knocked there.
  25. construe
    make sense of; assign a meaning to
    Mr. Sowerberry rightly construed this, as an acquiescence in his proposition; it was speedily determined, therefore, that Oliver should be at once initiated into the mysteries of the trade; and, with this view, that he should accompany his master o
  26. sinecure
    an office that involves minimal duties
    CHAPTER III

    RELATES HOW OLIVER TWIST WAS VERY NEAR GETTING A PLACE WHICH WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN A SINECURE

    For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solita
  27. concurrent
    occurring or operating at the same time
    The houses on either side were high and large, but very old, and tenanted by people of the poorest class: as their neglected appearance would have sufficiently denoted, without the concurrent testimony afforded by the squalid looks of the few men a
  28. edify
    make understand
    'Yer don't know who I am, I suppose, Work'us?' said the charity-boy, in continuation: descending from the top of the post, meanwhile, with edifying gravity.
  29. offhand
    with little or no preparation or forethought
    He had gone out to dinner; but his 'prentice (which is a very clever lad) sent 'em some medicine in a blacking-bottle, offhand.'
  30. corroborate
    give evidence for
    A weakness on his part, which affords the narrative an opportunity of relieving the reader from suspense, in behalf of the two young pupils of the Merry Old Gentleman; and of recording--

    That when the Dodger, and his accomplished friend Master Bates, joi
  31. pell-mell
    in a wild or reckless manner
    Noah stopped to make no reply, but started off at his fullest speed; and very much it astonished the people who were out walking, to see a charity-boy tearing through the streets pell-mell, with no cap on his head, and a clasp-knife at his eye.
  32. corpulent
    excessively fat
    'For a coffin first, and a porochial funeral afterwards,' replied Mr. Bumble, fastening the strap of the leathern pocket-book: which, like himself, was very corpulent.
  33. controvert
    be resistant to
    Nobody controverted the prophetic gentleman's opinion.
  34. pilfer
    make off with belongings of others
    The Dodger had a vicious propensity, too, of pulling the caps from the heads of small boys and tossing them down areas; while Charley Bates exhibited some very loose notions concerning the rights of property, by pilfering divers apples and onions f
  35. disengage
    release from something that holds fast, connects, or entangles
    He disengaged himself from the old woman's grasp; and, drawing Oliver after him, hurried away.
  36. engender
    make children
    Mr. Bumble wiped from his forehead the perspiration which his walk had engendered, glanced complacently at the cocked hat, and smiled.
  37. convivial
    occupied with or fond of the pleasures of good company
    Spirits were produced, in consequence of one of the young ladies complaining of a coldness in her inside; and the conversation took a very convivial and improving turn.
  38. extraneous
    not belonging to that in which it is contained; introduced from an outside source
    As Mr. Gamfield did happen to labour under the slight imputation of having bruised three or four boys to death already, it occurred to him that the board had, perhaps, in some unaccountable freak, taken it into their heads that this extraneous circ
  39. lineament
    the characteristic parts of a person's face: eyes and nose and mouth and chin
    It was impossible to doubt him; there was truth in every one of its thin and sharpened lineaments.
  40. contortion
    a tortuous and twisted shape or position
    Now, the old gentleman came in as brisk as need be; but, he had no sooner raised his spectacles on his forehead, and thrust his hands behind the skirts of his dressing-gown to take a good long look at Oliver, than his countenance underwent a very great va
  41. domicile
    housing that someone is living in
    The parish authorities inquired with dignity of the workhouse authorities, whether there was no female then domiciled in 'the house' who was in a situation to impart to Oliver Twist, the consolation and nourishment of which he stood in need.
  42. complicate
    make more complicated
    In a dreadful state of doubt and uncertainty, the agonised young woman staggered to the gate, and then, exchanging her faltering walk for a swift run, returned by the most devious and complicated route she could think of, to the domicile of the Jew
  43. voracious
    devouring or craving food in great quantities
    Oliver Twist and his companions suffered the tortures of slow starvation for three months: at last they got so voracious and wild with hunger, that one boy, who was tall for his age, and hadn't been used to that sort of thing (for his father had ke
  44. writhe
    to move in a twisting or contorted motion, (especially when struggling)
    And here, Noah writhed and twisted his body into an extensive variety of eel-like positions; thereby giving Mr. Bumble to understand that, from the violent and sanguinary onset of Oliver Twist, he had sustained severe internal injury and damage, fr
  45. dwindle
    become smaller or lose substance
    The sun rose and sank, and rose and sank again, and many times after that; and still the boy lay stretched on his uneasy bed, dwindling away beneath the dry and wasting heat of fever.
  46. encomium
    a formal expression of praise
    While these, and many other encomiums, were being passed on the accomplished Nancy, that young lady made the best of her way to the police-office; whither, notwithstanding a little natural timidity consequent upon walking through the streets alone
  47. undiminished
    not lessened or diminished
    Sowerberry had not yet returned, and Oliver continued to kick, with undiminished vigour, at the cellar-door.
  48. evaporate
    change into a vapor
    To these interrogations Mr. Bumble returned very brief and snappish replies; for the temporary blandness which gin-and-water awakens in some bosoms had by this time evaporated; and he was once again a beadle.
  49. wrangle
    an instance of intense argument (as in bargaining)
    The sole places that seemed to prosper amid the general blight of the place, were the public-houses; and in them, the lowest orders of Irish were wrangling with might and main.
  50. peruse
    examine or consider with attention and in detail
    Mr. Gamfield smiled, too, as he perused the document; for five pounds was just the sum he had been wishing for; and, as to the boy with which it was encumbered, Mr. Gamfield, knowing what the dietary of the workhouse was, well knew he would be a ni
  51. stipend
    a sum of money allotted on a regular basis; usually for some specific purpose
    So, she appropriated the greater part of the weekly stipend to her own use, and consigned the rising parochial generation to even a shorter allowance than was originally provided for them.
  52. remonstrate
    argue in protest or opposition
    'I think he really is ill, your worship,' remonstrated the officer.
  53. coterie
    an exclusive circle of people with a common purpose
    Every member of the respectable coterie appeared plunged in his own reflections; not excepting the dog, who by a certain malicious licking of his lips seemed to be meditating an attack upon the legs of the first gentleman or lady he might encounter
  54. emanate
    give out (breath or an odor)
    Now, Mr. Bumble was a fat man, and a choleric; so, instead of responding to this open-hearted salutation in a kindred spirit, he gave the little wicket a tremendous shake, and then bestowed upon it a kick which could have emanated from no leg but a
  55. huddle
    a disorganized and densely packed crowd
    Oliver was awakened in the morning, by a loud kicking at the outside of the shop-door: which, before he could huddle on his clothes, was repeated, in an angry and impetuous manner, about twenty-five times.
  56. ablution
    the ritual washing of a priest's hands or of sacred vessels
    As for exercise, it was nice cold weather, and he was allowed to perform his ablutions every morning under the pump, in a stone yard, in the presence of Mr. Bumble, who prevented his catching cold, and caused a tingling sensation to pervade his fra
  57. augury
    an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come
    'Well,' said the undertaker's wife, when Oliver had finished his supper: which she had regarded in silent horror, and with fearful auguries of his future appetite: 'have you done?'
  58. gruel
    a thin porridge (usually oatmeal or cornmeal)
    Give it a little gruel if it is.'
  59. incorrigible
    impervious to correction by punishment
    Under this impression, he secretly resolved to cultivate the good opinion of the old gentleman as quickly as possible; and, if he found the Dodger incorrigible, as he more than half suspected he should, to decline the honour of his farther acquaint
  60. advert
    give heed (to)
    Now, it so happened that Mr. Fang was at that moment perusing a leading article in a newspaper of the morning, adverting to some recent decision of his, and commending him, for the three hundred and fiftieth time, to the special and particular noti
  61. agitate
    move or cause to move back and forth
    Mr. Bumble!' cried Noah, with well-affected dismay: and in tones so loud and agitated, that they not only caught the ear of Mr. Bumble himself, who happened to be hard by, but alarmed him so much that he rushed into the yard without his cocked hat,
  62. demolition
    the act of demolishing
    Oliver had not been within the walls of the workhouse a quarter of an hour, and had scarcely completed the demolition of a second slice of bread, when Mr. Bumble, who had handed him over to the care of an old woman, returned; and, telling him it wa
  63. dissipate
    to cause to separate and go in different directions
    Mr. Dawkin's appearance did not say a vast deal in favour of the comforts which his patron's interest obtained for those whom he took under his protection; but, as he had a rather flightly and dissolute mode of conversing, and furthermore avowed that amon
  64. mollify
    cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of
    Although this invitation was accompanied with a curtsey that might have softened the heart of a church-warden, it by no means mollified the beadle.
  65. insecure
    lacking in security or safety
    Some houses which had become insecure from age and decay, were prevented from falling into the street, by huge beams of wood reared against the walls, and firmly planted in the road; but even these crazy dens seemed to have been selected as the nig
  66. foible
    a behavioral attribute that is distinctive and peculiar to an individual
    For, these are matters totally beneath a female who is acknowledged by universal admission to be far above the numerous little foibles and weaknesses of her sex.
  67. facetious
    cleverly amusing in tone
    But, making Oliver cry, Noah attempted to be more facetious still; and in his attempt, did what many sometimes do to this day, when they want to be funny.
  68. aggravate
    make worse
    One day, Oliver and Noah had descended into the kitchen at the usual dinner-hour, to banquet upon a small joint of mutton--a pound and a half of the worst end of the neck--when Charlotte being called out of the way, there ensued a brief interval of time,
  69. devious
    deviating from a straight course
    In a dreadful state of doubt and uncertainty, the agonised young woman staggered to the gate, and then, exchanging her faltering walk for a swift run, returned by the most devious and complicated route she could think of, to the domicile of the Jew
  70. precursor
    something that precedes and indicates the approach of something or someone
    Oliver's colour rose as he said this; he breathed quickly; and there was a curious working of the mouth and nostrils, which Mr. Claypole thought must be the immediate precursor of a violent fit of crying.
  71. temerity
    fearless daring
    He rose from the table; and advancing to the master, basin and spoon in hand, said: somewhat alarmed at his own temerity:

    'Please, sir, I want some more.'
  72. obeisance
    bending the head or body or knee as a sign of reverence or submission or shame or greeting
    Oliver roused himself, and made his best obeisance.
  73. computation
    the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods
    And with this, the old lady applied herself to warming up, in a little saucepan, a basin full of broth: strong enough, Oliver thought, to furnish an ample dinner, when reduced to the regulation strength, for three hundred and fifty paupers, at the lowest
  74. inadvertently
    without knowledge or intention
    Occasionally, when there was some more than usually interesting inquest upon a parish child who had been overlooked in turning up a bedstead, or inadvertently scalded to death when there happened to be a washing--though the latter accident was very
  75. threadbare
    having the nap worn away so that the threads show through
    Mr. Sowerberry was a tall gaunt, large-jointed man, attired in a suit of threadbare black, with darned cotton stockings of the same colour, and shoes to answer.
  76. feint
    any distracting or deceptive maneuver (as a mock attack)
    Young as he was, however, he had sense enough to make a feint of feeling great regret at going away.
  77. viand
    a choice or delicious dish
    I wish some well-fed philosopher, whose meat and drink turn to gall within him; whose blood is ice, whose heart is iron; could have seen Oliver Twist clutching at the dainty viands that the dog had neglected.
  78. amaze
    affect with wonder
    I saw it done; and I saw that this boy was perfectly amazed and stupified by it.'
  79. grovel
    show submission or fear
    'Juries,' said Mr. Bumble, grasping his cane tightly, as was his wont when working into a passion: 'juries is ineddicated, vulgar, grovelling wretches.'
  80. covetous
    immoderately desirous of acquiring e.g. wealth
    Ill-treating the boys, you covetous, avaricious, in-sa-ti-a-ble old fence?' said the man, seating himself deliberately.
  81. evince
    give expression to
    When little Oliver was taken before 'the gentlemen' that evening; and informed that he was to go, that night, as general house-lad to a coffin-maker's; and that if he complained of his situation, or ever came back to the parish again, he would be sent to
  82. concise
    expressing much in few words
    For a long time after it was ushered into this world of sorrow and trouble, by the parish surgeon, it remained a matter of considerable doubt whether the child would survive to bear any name at all; in which case it is somewhat more than probable that the
  83. nettle
    any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)
    There was not so great a necessity for hurrying as Mr. Sowerberry had anticipated, however; for when they reached the obscure corner of the churchyard in which the nettles grew, and where the parish graves were made, the clergyman had not arrived;
  84. irresolute
    uncertain how to act or proceed
    Standing, then in an irresolute attitude for a few minutes, as if he did not well know how to employ himself, he turned round and looked at Oliver, and called him by his name.
  85. conclave
    a confidential or secret meeting
    The board were sitting in solemn conclave, when Mr. Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement, and addressing the gentleman in the high chair, said,

    'Mr. Limbkins, I beg your pardon, sir!
  86. imprecation
    the act of calling down a curse that invokes evil (and usually serves as an insult)
    Mr. Gamfield growled a fierce imprecation on the donkey generally, but more particularly on his eyes; and, running after him, bestowed a blow on his head, which would inevitably have beaten in any skull but a donkey's.
  87. musty
    covered with or smelling of mold
    So, he heaved a sigh over the recollections he awakened; and being, happily for himself, an absent old gentleman, buried them again in the pages of the musty book.
  88. skulk
    avoid responsibilities and duties, e.g., by pretending to be ill
    The houses on either side were high and large, but very old, and tenanted by people of the poorest class: as their neglected appearance would have sufficiently denoted, without the concurrent testimony afforded by the squalid looks of the few men and wome
  89. refractory
    stubbornly resistant to authority or control
    CHAPTER VII

    OLIVER CONTINUES REFRACTORY

    Noah Claypole ran along the streets at his swiftest pace, and paused not once for breath, until he reached the workhouse-gate.
  90. genealogy
    the study or investigation of ancestry and family history
    No chance-child was he, for he could trace his genealogy all the way back to his parents, who lived hard by; his mother being a washerwoman, and his father a drunken soldier, discharged with a wooden leg, and a diurnal pension of twopence-halfpenny
  91. glut
    supply with an excess of
    Charlotte treated him ill, because Noah did; and Mrs. Sowerberry was his decided enemy, because Mr. Sowerberry was disposed to be his friend; so, between these three on one side, and a glut of funerals on the other, Oliver was not altogether as com
  92. capacious
    large in capacity
    The Dodger had a vicious propensity, too, of pulling the caps from the heads of small boys and tossing them down areas; while Charley Bates exhibited some very loose notions concerning the rights of property, by pilfering divers apples and onions from the
  93. gratuitous
    unnecessary and unwarranted
    Permit me to inquire the name of the magistrate who offers a gratuitous and unprovoked insult to a respectable person, under the protection of the bench.'
  94. arrears
    the state of being behind in payments
    It chanced one morning, while Oliver's affairs were in this auspicious and comfortable state, that Mr. Gamfield, chimney-sweep, went his way down the High Street, deeply cogitating in his mind his ways and means of paying certain arrears of rent, f
  95. brooch
    a decorative pin worn by women
    At least half a dozen more were severally drawn forth from the same box, and surveyed with equal pleasure; besides rings, brooches, bracelets, and other articles of jewellery, of such magnificent materials, and costly workmanship, that Oliver had n
  96. acquiesce
    to agree or express agreement
    'No more they have,' acquiesced the undertaker.
  97. interpose
    introduce
    'Lor bless her dear heart, no!' interposed the nurse, hastily depositing in her pocket a green glass bottle, the contents of which she had been tasting in a corner with evident satisfaction.
  98. ignominious
    (used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame
    The shop-boys in the neighbourhood had long been in the habit of branding Noah in the public streets, with the ignominious epithets of 'leathers,' 'charity,' and the like; and Noah had bourne them without reply.
  99. periodically
    in a sporadic manner
    With this view, they contracted with the water-works to lay on an unlimited supply of water; and with a corn-factor to supply periodically small quantities of oatmeal; and issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with an onion twice a week, and half
  100. throttle
    a valve that regulates the supply of fuel to the engine
    'Speak out, or I'll throttle you!'
  101. equanimity
    steadiness of mind under stress
    As Oliver accompanied his master in most of his adult expeditions too, in order that he might acquire that equanimity of demeanour and full command of nerve which was essential to a finished undertaker, he had many opportunities of observing the be
  102. perversion
    the action of perverting something (turning it to a wrong use)
    They were just emerging from a narrow court not far from the open square in Clerkenwell, which is yet called, by some strange perversion of terms, 'The Green': when the Dodger made a sudden stop; and, laying his finger on his lip, drew his companio
  103. participating
    taking part in an activity
    Be this as it may, however, it was his ninth birthday; and he was keeping it in the coal-cellar with a select party of two other young gentleman, who, after participating with him in a sound thrashing, had been locked up for atrociously presuming t
  104. parochial
    relating to or supported by or located in a parish
    So, she appropriated the greater part of the weekly stipend to her own use, and consigned the rising parochial generation to even a shorter allowance than was originally provided for them.
  105. corporeal
    having material or physical form or substance
    At such time, a mortal knows just enough of what his mind is doing, to form some glimmering conception of its mighty powers, its bounding from earth and spurning time and space, when freed from the restraint of its corporeal associate.
  106. pleasantry
    an agreeable or amusing remark
    His step was elastic, and his face betokened inward pleasantry, as he advanced to Mr. Bumble, and shook him cordially by the hand.
  107. inducing
    act of bringing about a desired result
    The fact is, that there was considerable difficulty in inducing Oliver to take upon himself the office of respiration,--a troublesome practice, but one which custom has rendered necessary to our easy existence; and for some time he lay gasping on a
  108. initiate
    set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for
    Mr. Sowerberry rightly construed this, as an acquiescence in his proposition; it was speedily determined, therefore, that Oliver should be at once initiated into the mysteries of the trade; and, with this view, that he should accompany his master o
  109. felon
    someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime
    In our station-houses, men and women are every night confined on the most trivial charges--the word is worth noting--in dungeons, compared with which, those in Newgate, occupied by the most atrocious felons, tried, found guilty, and under sentence
  110. pinion
    wing of a bird
    The master aimed a blow at Oliver's head with the ladle; pinioned him in his arm; and shrieked aloud for the beadle.
  111. irrepressible
    impossible to repress or control
    For instance; when Sowerberry had an order for the burial of some rich old lady or gentleman, who was surrounded by a great number of nephews and nieces, who had been perfectly inconsolable during the previous illness, and whose grief had been wholly i
  112. sufficiency
    the quality of being sufficient for the end in view
    'Oh! Charlotte,' said Mrs. Sowerberry: speaking as well as she could, through a deficiency of breath, and a sufficiency of cold water, which Noah had poured over her head and shoulders.
  113. respiration
    a single complete act of breathing in and out
    The fact is, that there was considerable difficulty in inducing Oliver to take upon himself the office of respiration,--a troublesome practice, but one which custom has rendered necessary to our easy existence; and for some time he lay gasping on a
  114. sanguinary
    accompanied by bloodshed
    And here, Noah writhed and twisted his body into an extensive variety of eel-like positions; thereby giving Mr. Bumble to understand that, from the violent and sanguinary onset of Oliver Twist, he had sustained severe internal injury and damage, fr
  115. sniff
    perceive by inhaling through the nose
    Noah, whose top waistcoat-button might have been somewhere on a level with the crown of Oliver's head, rubbed his eyes with the inside of his wrists while this commiseration was bestowed upon him, and performed some affecting tears and sniffs.
  116. gruff
    brusque and surly and forbidding
    'I hope you say your prayers every night,' said another gentleman in a gruff voice; 'and pray for the people who feed you, and take care of you--like a Christian.'
  117. wallow
    a puddle where animals go to wallow
    Covered ways and yards, which here and there diverged from the main street, disclosed little knots of houses, where drunken men and women were positively wallowing in filth; and from several of the door-ways, great ill-looking fellows were cautious
  118. inestimable
    beyond calculation or measure
    For a long time after it was ushered into this world of sorrow and trouble, by the parish surgeon, it remained a matter of considerable doubt whether the child would survive to bear any name at all; in which case it is somewhat more than probable that the
  119. feasible
    capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are
    But Oliver's thoughts, like those of most other people, although they were extremely ready and active to point out his difficulties, were wholly at a loss to suggest any feasible mode of surmounting them; so, after a good deal of thinking to no par
  120. incoherent
    without logical or meaningful connection
    In reply to this incoherent questioning, the old man informed the deeply affected sister that Oliver had been taken ill in the office, and discharged in consequence of a witness having proved the robbery to have been committed by another boy, not i
  121. protege
    a person who receives support and protection from an influential patron who furthers the protege's career
    This led to a more friendly and confidential dialogue; from which Oliver discovered that his friend's name was Jack Dawkins, and that he was a peculiar pet and protege of the elderly gentleman before mentioned.
  122. bewail
    regret strongly
    The crazy old woman was too much occupied in bewailing the loss of her cloak (which the undertaker had taken off), to pay him any attention; so they threw a can of cold water over him; and when he came to, saw him safely out of the churchyard, lock
  123. trinket
    cheap showy jewelry or ornament on clothing
    Having replaced these trinkets, the Jew took out another: so small that it lay in the palm of his hand.
  124. stagnant
    not growing or changing; without force or vitality
    The kennel was stagnant and filthy.
  125. vindicate
    show to be right by providing justification or proof
    He had displayed the one, and vindicated the other.
  126. auspicious
    auguring favorable circumstances and good luck
    It chanced one morning, while Oliver's affairs were in this auspicious and comfortable state, that Mr. Gamfield, chimney-sweep, went his way down the High Street, deeply cogitating in his mind his ways and means of paying certain arrears of rent, f
  127. festive
    offering fun and gaiety
    Of this festive composition each boy had one porringer, and no more--except on occasions of great public rejoicing, when he had two ounces and a quarter of bread besides.
  128. betoken
    be a signal for or a symptom of
    His step was elastic, and his face betokened inward pleasantry, as he advanced to Mr. Bumble, and shook him cordially by the hand.
  129. laudable
    worthy of high praise
    A weakness on his part, which affords the narrative an opportunity of relieving the reader from suspense, in behalf of the two young pupils of the Merry Old Gentleman; and of recording--

    That when the Dodger, and his accomplished friend Master Bates, joi
  130. axiom
    (logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident
    Although Oliver had been brought up by philosophers, he was not theoretically acquainted with the beautiful axiom that self-preservation is the first law of nature.
  131. vagrant
    a wanderer who has no established residence or visible means of support
    This was a vagrant of sixty-five, who was going to prison for _not_ playing the flute; or, in other words, for begging in the streets, and doing nothing for his livelihood.
  132. milestone
    stone post at side of a road to show distances
    Then he sat down to rest by the side of the milestone, and began to think, for the first time, where he had better go and try to live.
  133. confuse
    mistake one thing for another
    He stood, for a moment, with the blood so tingling through all his veins from terror, that he felt as if he were in a burning fire; then, confused and frightened, he took to his heels; and, not knowing what he did, made off as fast as he could lay
  134. intrude
    enter uninvited
    _I_ don't want to intrude upon your secrets.'
  135. propound
    put forward, as of an idea
    'What'll Fagin say?' inquired the Dodger; taking advantage of the next interval of breathlessness on the part of his friend to propound the question.
  136. invariable
    not liable to or capable of change
    Although I do not mean to assert that it is usually the practice of renowned and learned sages, to shorten the road to any great conclusion (their course indeed being rather to lengthen the distance, by various circumlocutions and discursive staggerings,
  137. theoretically
    in theory; according to the assumed facts
    Although Oliver had been brought up by philosophers, he was not theoretically acquainted with the beautiful axiom that self-preservation is the first law of nature.
  138. pervade
    spread or diffuse through
    As for exercise, it was nice cold weather, and he was allowed to perform his ablutions every morning under the pump, in a stone yard, in the presence of Mr. Bumble, who prevented his catching cold, and caused a tingling sensation to pervade his fra
  139. embellish
    make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.
    'Yes, I think it rather pretty,' said the beadle, glancing proudly downwards at the large brass buttons which embellished his coat.
  140. implicitly
    without ever expressing so clearly
    He had a wild, hungry eye; and they implicitly believed him.
  141. accumulate
    get or gather together
    The cry is taken up by a hundred voices, and the crowd accumulate at every turning.
  142. dejected
    affected or marked by low spirits
    A minute ago, the boy had looked the quiet child, mild, dejected creature that harsh treatment had made him.
  143. presentiment
    a feeling of evil to come
    I felt a strange presentiment from the very first, that that audacious young savage would come to be hung!'
  144. parley
    a negotiation between enemies
    The accounts of his ferocity as related by Mrs. Sowerberry and Charlotte, were of so startling a nature, that Mr. Bumble judged it prudent to parley, before opening the door.
  145. agility
    the gracefulness of a person or animal that is quick and nimble
    The Jew stepped back in this emergency, with more agility than could have been anticipated in a man of his apparent decrepitude; and, seizing up the pot, prepared to hurl it at his assailant's head.
  146. impious
    lacking piety or reverence for a god
    CHAPTER III

    RELATES HOW OLIVER TWIST WAS VERY NEAR GETTING A PLACE WHICH WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN A SINECURE

    For a week after the commission of the impious and profane offence of asking for more, Oliver remained a close prisoner in the dark and solita
  147. fang
    canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey
    CHAPTER XI

    TREATS OF MR. FANG THE POLICE MAGISTRATE; AND FURNISHES A SLIGHT SPECIMEN OF HIS MODE OF ADMINISTERING JUSTICE

    The offence had been committed within the district, and indeed in the immediate neighborhood of, a very notorious metropolit
  148. knack
    a special way of doing something
    His hat was stuck on the top of his head so lightly, that it threatened to fall off every moment--and would have done so, very often, if the wearer had not had a knack of every now and then giving his head a sudden twitch, which brought it back to
  149. invoke
    request earnestly (something from somebody); ask for aid or protection
    The blessing was from a young child's lips, but it was the first that Oliver had ever heard invoked upon his head; and through the struggles and sufferings, and troubles and changes, of his after life, he never once forgot it.
  150. stupefy
    make dull or stupid or muddle with drunkenness or infatuation
    He gazed in stupefied astonishment on the small rebel for some seconds, and then clung for support to the copper.
  151. drab
    a dull greyish to yellowish or light olive brown
    For some time, Mr. Bumble drew Oliver along, without notice or remark; for the beadle carried his head very erect, as a beadle always should: and, it being a windy day, little Oliver was completely enshrouded by the skirts of Mr. Bumble's coat as they ble
  152. bulky
    of large size for its weight
    The man who growled out these words, was a stoutly-built fellow of about five-and-thirty, in a black velveteen coat, very soiled drab breeches, lace-up half boots, and grey cotton stockings which inclosed a bulky pair of legs, with large swelling c
  153. compounded
    combined into or constituting a chemical compound
    'He has just had a basin of beautiful strong broth, sir,' replied Mrs. Bedwin: drawing herself up slightly, and laying strong emphasis on the last word: to intimate that between slops, and broth will compounded, there existed no affinity or conne
  154. scald
    burn with a hot liquid or steam
    Occasionally, when there was some more than usually interesting inquest upon a parish child who had been overlooked in turning up a bedstead, or inadvertently scalded to death when there happened to be a washing--though the latter accident was very
  155. incredulous
    not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving
    'I beg your worship's pardon,' said Mr. Bumble, incredulous of having heard aright.
  156. antipathy
    a feeling of intense dislike
    This was, that the Dodger, and Charley Bates, and Fagin, and Mr. William Sikes, happened, one and all, to entertain a violent and deeply-rooted antipathy to going near a police-office on any ground or pretext whatever.
  157. garnish
    decorate (food), as with parsley or other ornamental foods
    The man who growled out these words, was a stoutly-built fellow of about five-and-thirty, in a black velveteen coat, very soiled drab breeches, lace-up half boots, and grey cotton stockings which inclosed a bulky pair of legs, with large swelling calves;-
  158. undermine
    destroy property or hinder normal operations
    The Dodger had a vicious propensity, too, of pulling the caps from the heads of small boys and tossing them down areas; while Charley Bates exhibited some very loose notions concerning the rights of property, by pilfering divers apples and onions from the
  159. onset
    the beginning or early stages
    And here, Noah writhed and twisted his body into an extensive variety of eel-like positions; thereby giving Mr. Bumble to understand that, from the violent and sanguinary onset of Oliver Twist, he had sustained severe internal injury and damage, fr
  160. dint
    interchangeable with `means' in the expression `by means of'
    By dint of alternate threats, promises, and bribes, the lady in question was ultimately prevailed upon to undertake the commission.
  161. simultaneous
    occurring or operating at the same time
    'If we was to bind him to any other trade to-morrow, he'd run away simultaneous, your worship,' replied Bumble.
  162. surly
    inclined to anger or bad feelings with overtones of menace
    'So you'll begin to pick oakum to-morrow morning at six o'clock,' added the surly one in the white waistcoat.
  163. predicament
    a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one
    If I wanted any further proof of the strictly philosophical nature of the conduct of these young gentlemen in their very delicate predicament, I should at once find it in the fact (also recorded in a foregoing part of this narrative), of their quit
  164. fictitious
    formed or conceived by the imagination
    CHAPTER I

    TREATS OF THE PLACE WHERE OLIVER TWIST WAS BORN AND OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES ATTENDING HIS BIRTH

    Among other public buildings in a certain town, which for many reasons it will be prudent to refrain from mentioning, and to which I will assign no
  165. dignitary
    an important or influential (and often overbearing) person
    He heard the news of his destination, in perfect silence; and, having had his luggage put into his hand--which was not very difficult to carry, inasmuch as it was all comprised within the limits of a brown paper parcel, about half a foot square by three i
  166. victuals
    a source of materials to nourish the body
    'Ah! I dare say he will,' replied the lady pettishly, 'on our victuals and our drink.
  167. diminutive
    a word that is formed with a suffix (such as -let or -kin) to indicate smallness
    Oliver Twist's ninth birthday found him a pale thin child, somewhat diminutive in stature, and decidedly small in circumference.
  168. functionary
    a worker who holds or is invested with an office
    He needn't haven taken the trouble to shrink from Mr. Bumble's glance, however; for that functionary, on whom the prediction of the gentleman in the white waistcoat had made a very strong impression, thought that now the undertaker had got Oliver u
  169. designing
    the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)
    'Well! of all the artful and designing orphans that ever I see, Oliver, you are one of the most bare-facedest.'
  170. unwonted
    out of the ordinary
    There being nobody by, however, but a pauper old woman, who was rendered rather misty by an unwonted allowance of beer; and a parish surgeon who did such matters by contract; Oliver and Nature fought out the point between them.
  171. stumble
    miss a step and fall or nearly fall
    Stumbling against a door on the landing, he rapped at it with his knuckles.
  172. aperture
    a natural opening in something
    Some houses which had become insecure from age and decay, were prevented from falling into the street, by huge beams of wood reared against the walls, and firmly planted in the road; but even these crazy dens seemed to have been selected as the nightly ha
  173. daunt
    cause to lose courage
    When they were all wearied out, and could tear and beat no longer, they dragged Oliver, struggling and shouting, but nothing daunted, into the dust-cellar, and there locked him up.
  174. stationary
    not capable of being moved
    That Oliver Twist was moved to resignation by the example of these good people, I cannot, although I am his biographer, undertake to affirm with any degree of confidence; but I can most distinctly say, that for many months he continued meekly to submit to
  175. animate
    make lively
    An animated discussion took place.
  176. boisterous
    full of rough and exuberant animal spirits
    The latter part of this speech, was hailed by a boisterous shout from all the hopeful pupils of the merry old gentleman.
  177. salutary
    tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health
    The board, in imitation of so wise and salutary an example, took counsel together on the expediency of shipping off Oliver Twist, in some small trading vessel bound to a good unhealthy port.
  178. spurn
    reject with contempt
    At such time, a mortal knows just enough of what his mind is doing, to form some glimmering conception of its mighty powers, its bounding from earth and spurning time and space, when freed from the restraint of its corporeal associate.
  179. pauper
    a person who is very poor
    There being nobody by, however, but a pauper old woman, who was rendered rather misty by an unwonted allowance of beer; and a parish surgeon who did such matters by contract; Oliver and Nature fought out the point between them.
  180. palpable
    capable of being perceived; especially capable of being handled or touched or felt
    But, as it chanced to be immediately under his nose, it followed, as a matter of course, that he looked all over his desk for it, without finding it; and happening in the course of his search to look straight before him, his gaze encountered the pale and
  181. comprise
    be composed of
    For a long time after it was ushered into this world of sorrow and trouble, by the parish surgeon, it remained a matter of considerable doubt whether the child would survive to bear any name at all; in which case it is somewhat more than probable that the
  182. loiter
    be about
    'This,' said the man: 'I saw three boys: two others and the prisoner here: loitering on the opposite side of the way, when this gentleman was reading.
  183. rustle
    make a dry crackling sound
    As Oliver gave this first proof of the free and proper action of his lungs, the patchwork coverlet which was carelessly flung over the iron bedstead, rustled; the pale face of a young woman was raised feebly from the pillow; and a faint voice imper
  184. goad
    stab or urge on as if with a pointed stick
    CHAPTER VI

    OLIVER, BEING GOADED BY THE TAUNTS OF NOAH, ROUSES INTO ACTION, AND RATHER ASTONISHES HIM

    The month's trial over, Oliver was formally apprenticed.
  185. luxuriant
    produced or growing in extreme abundance
    It cannot be expected that this system of farming would produce any very extraordinary or luxuriant crop.
  186. labouring
    doing arduous or unpleasant work
    'And it's a great deal better, Work'us, that she died when she did, or else she'd have been hard labouring in Bridewell, or transported, or hung; which is more likely than either, isn't it?'
  187. expire
    lose validity
    Having availed himself of the expiring light of the candle to tie up in a handkerchief the few articles of wearing apparel he had, sat himself down upon a bench, to wait for morning.
  188. crevice
    a long narrow opening
    With the first ray of light that struggled through the crevices in the shutters, Oliver arose, and again unbarred the door.
  189. genteel
    marked by refinement in taste and manners
    She was not, indeed, withheld by the same considerations as her agreeable friend; for, having recently removed into the neighborhood of Field Lane from the remote but genteel suburb of Ratcliffe, she was not under the same apprehension of being rec
  190. ineffectual
    not producing an intended effect
    Oliver looked very worn and shadowy from sickness, and made an ineffectual attempt to stand up, out of respect to his benefactor, which terminated in his sinking back into the chair again; and the fact is, if the truth must be told, that Mr. Brownl
  191. accost
    speak to someone
    So, he spelt the bill through again, from beginning to end; and then, touching his fur cap in token of humility, accosted the gentleman in the white waistcoat.
  192. buffet
    a piece of furniture that stands at the side of a dining room; has shelves and drawers
    But now that he was enveloped in the old calico robes which had grown yellow in the same service, he was badged and ticketed, and fell into his place at once--a parish child--the orphan of a workhouse--the humble, half-starved drudge--to be cuffed and
  193. ensue
    issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end
    One day, Oliver and Noah had descended into the kitchen at the usual dinner-hour, to banquet upon a small joint of mutton--a pound and a half of the worst end of the neck--when Charlotte being called out of the way, there ensued a brief interval of
  194. cant
    a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force
    He then, in cant terms, with which his whole conversation was plentifully besprinkled, but which would be quite unintelligible if they were recorded here, demanded a glass of liquor.
  195. drowsy
    half asleep
    There is a drowsy state, between sleeping and waking, when you dream more in five minutes with your eyes half open, and yourself half conscious of everything that is passing around you, than you would in five nights with your eyes fast closed, and
  196. pallid
    abnormally deficient in color as suggesting physical or emotional distress
    Weak, and thin, and pallid, he awoke at last from what seemed to have been a long and troubled dream.
  197. elicit
    call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
    An answer so different from the one he had expected to elicit, and was in the habit of receiving, staggered Mr. Bumble not a little.
  198. staunch
    firm and dependable especially in loyalty
    Staunch to the last!
  199. timidity
    fear of the unknown or unfamiliar or fear of making decisions
    While these, and many other encomiums, were being passed on the accomplished Nancy, that young lady made the best of her way to the police-office; whither, notwithstanding a little natural timidity consequent upon walking through the streets alone
  200. extant
    still in existence; not extinct or destroyed or lost
    For a long time after it was ushered into this world of sorrow and trouble, by the parish surgeon, it remained a matter of considerable doubt whether the child would survive to bear any name at all; in which case it is somewhat more than probable that the
  201. rousing
    capable of arousing enthusiasm or excitement
    Away they run, pell-mell, helter-skelter, slap-dash: tearing, yelling, screaming, knocking down the passengers as they turn the corners, rousing up the dogs, and astonishing the fowls: and streets, squares, and courts, re-echo with the sound.
  202. livelihood
    the financial means whereby one lives
    This was a vagrant of sixty-five, who was going to prison for _not_ playing the flute; or, in other words, for begging in the streets, and doing nothing for his livelihood.
  203. foresight
    seeing ahead; knowing in advance; foreseeing
    Although I do not mean to assert that it is usually the practice of renowned and learned sages, to shorten the road to any great conclusion (their course indeed being rather to lengthen the distance, by various circumlocutions and discursive staggerings,
  204. articulate
    express or state clearly
    As Oliver gave this first proof of the free and proper action of his lungs, the patchwork coverlet which was carelessly flung over the iron bedstead, rustled; the pale face of a young woman was raised feebly from the pillow; and a faint voice imperfectly
  205. unaccountable
    not to be accounted for or explained
    As Mr. Gamfield did happen to labour under the slight imputation of having bruised three or four boys to death already, it occurred to him that the board had, perhaps, in some unaccountable freak, taken it into their heads that this extraneous circ
  206. tracing
    a drawing created by superimposing a semitransparent sheet of paper on the original image and copying on it the lines of the original image
    Oliver lay awake for some time, counting the little circles of light which the reflection of the rushlight-shade threw upon the ceiling; or tracing with his languid eyes the intricate pattern of the paper on the wall.
  207. dexterity
    adroitness in using the hands
    For a second or two, Oliver glanced up the street, and down the street, and over the way: impressed with the belief that the unknown, who had addressed him through the key-hole, had walked a few paces off, to warm himself; for nobody did he see but a big
  208. admonish
    take to task
    When they arrived at the office, he was shut up in a little room by himself, and admonished by Mr. Bumble to stay there, until he came back to fetch him.
  209. prelude
    something that serves as a preceding event or introduces what follows
    With this view he gave a kick at the outside, by way of prelude; and, then, applying his mouth to the keyhole, said, in a deep and impressive tone:

    'Oliver!'
  210. propensity
    a natural inclination
    The Dodger had a vicious propensity, too, of pulling the caps from the heads of small boys and tossing them down areas; while Charley Bates exhibited some very loose notions concerning the rights of property, by pilfering divers apples and onions f
  211. vagabond
    a wanderer who has no established residence or visible means of support
    'Come, none of your tricks here, you young vagabond; they won't do.
  212. desist
    choose not to consume
    When he began to undo the chain, the legs desisted, and a voice began.
  213. cessation
    a stopping
    Mr. Sowerberry was much tickled at this: as of course he ought to be; and laughed a long time without cessation.
  214. impertinent
    improperly forward or bold
    'You're an insolent impertinent fellow.
  215. conveyance
    something that serves as a means of transportation
    A weakness on his part, which affords the narrative an opportunity of relieving the reader from suspense, in behalf of the two young pupils of the Merry Old Gentleman; and of recording--

    That when the Dodger, and his accomplished friend Master Bates, joi
  216. abject
    of the most contemptible kind
    'Well, well, then--Bill Sikes,' said the Jew, with abject humility.
  217. audacious
    disposed to venture or take risks
    I felt a strange presentiment from the very first, that that audacious young savage would come to be hung!'
  218. surveying
    the practice of measuring angles and distances on the ground so that they can be accurately plotted on a map
    He had been crouching on the step for some time: wondering at the great number of public-houses (every other house in Barnet was a tavern, large or small), gazing listlessly at the coaches as they passed through, and thinking how strange it seemed that th
  219. chuckle
    a soft partly suppressed laugh
    As the wretched creature mumbled and chuckled in her hideous merriment, the undertaker turned to go away.
  220. tremulous
    (of the voice) quivering as from weakness or fear
    'Yes, sir,' replied Oliver, in a low, tremulous voice.
  221. domination
    power to dominate or defeat
    That Oliver Twist was moved to resignation by the example of these good people, I cannot, although I am his biographer, undertake to affirm with any degree of confidence; but I can most distinctly say, that for many months he continued meekly to submit to
  222. seasoned
    aged or processed
    Well-seasoned timber is an expensive article, sir; and all the iron handles come, by canal, from Birmingham.'
  223. atrocity
    an act of atrocious cruelty
    As the atrocity presented itself to Mr. Bumble's mind in full force, he struck the counter sharply with his cane, and became flushed with indignation.
  224. implore
    call upon in supplication; entreat
    At this point of the inquiry, Oliver raised his head; and, looking round with imploring eyes, murmured a feeble prayer for a draught of water.
  225. consign
    give over to another for care or safekeeping
    So, she appropriated the greater part of the weekly stipend to her own use, and consigned the rising parochial generation to even a shorter allowance than was originally provided for them.
  226. juncture
    the shape or manner in which things come together and a connection is made
    Sowerberry returned at this juncture.
  227. terminate
    bring to an end or halt
    HE ENCOUNTERS ON THE ROAD A STRANGE SORT OF YOUNG GENTLEMAN

    Oliver reached the stile at which the by-path terminated; and once more gained the high-road.
  228. contrive
    make or work out a plan for; devise
    Unfortunately for, the experimental philosophy of the female to whose protecting care Oliver Twist was delivered over, a similar result usually attended the operation of _her_ system; for at the very moment when the child had contrived to exist upo
  229. halting
    disabled in the feet or legs
    He looked like--Bye the bye,' exclaimed the old gentleman, halting very abruptly, and staring up into the sky, 'Bless my soul!--where have I seen something like that look before?'
  230. traverse
    travel across
    The coach rattled away, over nearly the same ground as that which Oliver had traversed when he first entered London in company with the Dodger; and, turning a different way when it reached the Angel at Islington, stopped at length before a neat hou
  231. calculate
    make a mathematical calculation or computation
    Oliver's offence having been explained to him, with such exaggerations as the ladies thought best calculated to rouse his ire, he unlocked the cellar-door in a twinkling, and dragged his rebellious apprentice out, by the collar.
  232. slacken
    become slow or slower
    As this consideration forced itself upon him, he slackened his pace a little, and meditated upon his means of getting there.
  233. manifold
    many and varied; having many features or forms
    The more the case presented itself to the board, in this point of view, the more manifold the advantages of the step appeared; so, they came to the conclusion that the only way of providing for Oliver effectually, was to send him to sea without del
  234. scour
    rub hard or scrub
    It was not until the two boys had scoured, with great rapidity, through a most intricate maze of narrow streets and courts, that they ventured to halt beneath a low and dark archway.
  235. languid
    lacking spirit or liveliness
    Oliver lay awake for some time, counting the little circles of light which the reflection of the rushlight-shade threw upon the ceiling; or tracing with his languid eyes the intricate pattern of the paper on the wall.
  236. coupled
    joined together especially in a pair or pairs
    There is no saying how many applicants for relief, under these last two heads, might have started up in all classes of society, if it had not been coupled with the workhouse; but the board were long-headed men, and had provided for this difficulty.
  237. emphatic
    spoken with emphasis
    It is due to the young lady to say that she did not positively affirm that she would not, but that she merely expressed an emphatic and earnest desire to be 'blessed' if she would; a polite and delicate evasion of the request, which shows the young
  238. impetuous
    characterized by undue haste and lack of thought or deliberation
    Oliver was awakened in the morning, by a loud kicking at the outside of the shop-door: which, before he could huddle on his clothes, was repeated, in an angry and impetuous manner, about twenty-five times.
  239. contradictory
    unable to be both true at the same time
    Oliver stared innocently in Mr. Bumble's face at this somewhat contradictory style of address; but that gentleman prevented his offering any remark thereupon, by leading him at once into an adjoining room: the door of which was open.
  240. chafe
    become or make sore by or as if by rubbing
    They chafed her breast, hands, and temples; but the blood had stopped forever.
  241. finances
    assets in the form of money
    Mr. Gamfield's most sanguine estimate of his finances could not raise them within full five pounds of the desired amount; and, in a species of arithmetical desperation, he was alternately cudgelling his brains and his donkey, when passing the workh
  242. beak
    horny projecting mouth of a bird
    Beak's order, eh?
  243. doze
    a light fitful sleep
    The old gentleman with the spectacles gradually dozed off, over the little bit of parchment; and there was a short pause, after Oliver had been stationed by Mr. Bumble in front of the desk.
  244. sanguine
    inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life
    Mr. Gamfield's most sanguine estimate of his finances could not raise them within full five pounds of the desired amount; and, in a species of arithmetical desperation, he was alternately cudgelling his brains and his donkey, when passing the workh
  245. administer
    work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of
    With this, Mr. Claypole administered a kick to Oliver, and entered the shop with a dignified air, which did him great credit.
  246. saunter
    walk leisurely and with no apparent aim
    The three boys sallied out; the Dodger with his coat-sleeves tucked up, and his hat cocked, as usual; Master Bates sauntering along with his hands in his pockets; and Oliver between them, wondering where they were going, and what branch of manufact
  247. abstraction
    the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances
    The donkey was in a state of profound abstraction: wondering, probably, whether he was destined to be regaled with a cabbage-stalk or two when he had disposed of the two sacks of soot with which the little cart was laden; so, without noticing the w
  248. prophetic
    foretelling events as if by supernatural intervention
    Nobody controverted the prophetic gentleman's opinion.
  249. disclose
    disclose to view as by removing a cover
    For some time, Mr. Bumble drew Oliver along, without notice or remark; for the beadle carried his head very erect, as a beadle always should: and, it being a windy day, little Oliver was completely enshrouded by the skirts of Mr. Bumble's coat as they ble
  250. jeer
    laugh at with contempt and derision
    'Yer know, Work'us,' continued Noah, emboldened by Oliver's silence, and speaking in a jeering tone of affected pity: of all tones the most annoying: 'Yer know, Work'us, it can't be helped now; and of course yer couldn't help it then; and I am very
  251. benefactor
    a person who helps people or institutions (especially with financial help)
    Mr. Dawkin's appearance did not say a vast deal in favour of the comforts which his patron's interest obtained for those whom he took under his protection; but, as he had a rather flightly and dissolute mode of conversing, and furthermore avowed that amon
  252. filthy
    disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter
    The kennel was stagnant and filthy.
  253. ruffian
    a cruel and brutal fellow
    Take down the shutters, yer idle young ruffian!'
  254. insensible
    barely able to be perceived
    The door was opened for this purpose, and a couple of men were preparing to carry the insensible boy to his cell; when an elderly man of decent but poor appearance, clad in an old suit of black, rushed hastily into the office, and advanced towards
  255. taunt
    harass with persistent criticism or carping
    CHAPTER VI

    OLIVER, BEING GOADED BY THE TAUNTS OF NOAH, ROUSES INTO ACTION, AND RATHER ASTONISHES HIM

    The month's trial over, Oliver was formally apprenticed.
  256. participate
    become a participant; be involved in
  257. malicious
    having the nature of or resulting from malice
    Intent upon this innocent amusement, Noah put his feet on the table-cloth; and pulled Oliver's hair; and twitched his ears; and expressed his opinion that he was a 'sneak'; and furthermore announced his intention of coming to see him hanged, whenever that
  258. intricate
    having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate
    Oliver lay awake for some time, counting the little circles of light which the reflection of the rushlight-shade threw upon the ceiling; or tracing with his languid eyes the intricate pattern of the paper on the wall.
  259. console
    give moral or emotional strength to
    And so for from being denied the advantages of religious consolation, he was kicked into the same apartment every evening at prayer-time, and there permitted to listen to, and console his mind with, a general supplication of the boys, containing a
  260. terminated
    having come or been brought to a conclusion
    HE ENCOUNTERS ON THE ROAD A STRANGE SORT OF YOUNG GENTLEMAN

    Oliver reached the stile at which the by-path terminated; and once more gained the high-road.
  261. anticipate
    regard something as probable or likely
    There was not so great a necessity for hurrying as Mr. Sowerberry had anticipated, however; for when they reached the obscure corner of the churchyard in which the nettles grew, and where the parish graves were made, the clergyman had not arrived;
  262. attire
    clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion
    Mr. Sowerberry was a tall gaunt, large-jointed man, attired in a suit of threadbare black, with darned cotton stockings of the same colour, and shoes to answer.
  263. humane
    marked or motivated by concern with the alleviation of suffering
    You are a humane woman, Mrs. Mann.'
  264. emerging
    coming into existence
    Covered ways and yards, which here and there diverged from the main street, disclosed little knots of houses, where drunken men and women were positively wallowing in filth; and from several of the door-ways, great ill-looking fellows were cautiously e
  265. compose
    form the substance of
    The boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again; and when they had performed this operation (which never took very long, the spoons being nearly as large as the bowls), they would sit staring at the copper, with such eager eyes, as if they
  266. wrench
    a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments
    Then, catching hold of the bridle, he gave his jaw a sharp wrench, by way of gentle reminder that he was not his own master; and by these means turned him round.
  267. starve
    die of food deprivation
    But now that he was enveloped in the old calico robes which had grown yellow in the same service, he was badged and ticketed, and fell into his place at once--a parish child--the orphan of a workhouse--the humble, half-starved drudge--to be cuffed
  268. solemnity
    a trait of dignified seriousness
    At length the whispering ceased; and the members of the board, having resumed their seats and their solemnity, Mr. Limbkins said:

    'We have considered your proposition, and we don't approve of it.'
  269. condescend
    behave in a patronizing and condescending manner
    'Ay, my man,' said the gentleman in the white waistcoat, with a condescending smile.
  270. summary
    briefly giving the gist of something
    The crowd had only the satisfaction of accompanying Oliver through two or three streets, and down a place called Mutton Hill, when he was led beneath a low archway, and up a dirty court, into this dispensary of summary justice, by the back way.
  271. benevolent
    showing or motivated by sympathy and understanding and generosity
    Oliver, having had by this time as much of the outer coat of dirt which encrusted his face and hands, removed, as could be scrubbed off in one washing, was led into the room by his benevolent protectress.
  272. mentally
    in your mind
    He saw the Jew with his half-closed eyes; heard his low whistling; and recognised the sound of the spoon grating against the saucepan's sides: and yet the self-same senses were mentally engaged, at the same time, in busy action with almost everybod
  273. prediction
    a statement made about the future
    It appears, at first sight not unreasonable to suppose, that, if he had entertained a becoming feeling of respect for the prediction of the gentleman in the white waistcoat, he would have established that sage individual's prophetic character, once
  274. rouse
    cause to become awake or conscious
    CHAPTER VI

    OLIVER, BEING GOADED BY THE TAUNTS OF NOAH, ROUSES INTO ACTION, AND RATHER ASTONISHES HIM

    The month's trial over, Oliver was formally apprenticed.
  275. oblige
    force somebody to do something
    'Why, it's what I'm obliged to keep a little of in the house, to put into the blessed infants' Daffy, when they ain't well, Mr. Bumble,' replied Mrs. Mann as she opened a corner cupboard, and took down a bottle and glass.
  276. ecstasy
    a state of elated bliss
    Is that you, Mr. Bumble, sir?' said Mrs. Mann, thrusting her head out of the window in well-affected ecstasies of joy.
  277. glisten
    be shiny, as if wet
    Oliver, whose eyes had glistened at the mention of meat, and who was trembling with eagerness to devour it, replied in the negative; and a plateful of coarse broken victuals was set before him.
  278. furthermore
    in addition
    Intent upon this innocent amusement, Noah put his feet on the table-cloth; and pulled Oliver's hair; and twitched his ears; and expressed his opinion that he was a 'sneak'; and furthermore announced his intention of coming to see him hanged, whenev
  279. converse
    carry on a conversation
    The board then proceeded to converse among themselves for a few minutes, but in so low a tone, that the words 'saving of expenditure,' 'looked well in the accounts,' 'have a printed report published,' were alone audible.
  280. emerge
    come out into view, as from concealment
    Mrs. Sowerberry emerged from a little room behind the shop, and presented the form of a short, then, squeezed-up woman, with a vixenish countenance.
  281. affecting
    arousing affect
    'No, no, don't ask mine,' replied Mrs. Sowerberry, in an affecting manner: 'ask somebody else's.'
  282. accompanying
    following or accompanying as a consequence
    And between every syllable, Charlotte gave Oliver a blow with all her might: accompanying it with a scream, for the benefit of society.
  283. precept
    rule of personal conduct
    Mr. Dawkin's appearance did not say a vast deal in favour of the comforts which his patron's interest obtained for those whom he took under his protection; but, as he had a rather flightly and dissolute mode of conversing, and furthermore avowed that amon
  284. vent
    a hole for the escape of gas or air
    'Hold your tongue, Beadle,' said the second old gentleman, when Mr. Bumble had given vent to this compound adjective.
  285. menace
    something that is a source of danger
    The terrified children cried bitterly; but the old woman, who had hitherto remained as quiet as if she had been wholly deaf to all that passed, menaced them into silence.
  286. mirth
    great merriment
    The gentleman in the white waistcoat appeared very much amused by this explanation; but his mirth was speedily checked by a look from Mr. Limbkins.
  287. humility
    a disposition to be humble; a lack of false pride
    The workhouse authorities replied with humility, that there was not.
  288. impose
    impose and collect
    The result was, that, after a few struggles, Oliver breathed, sneezed, and proceeded to advertise to the inmates of the workhouse the fact of a new burden having been imposed upon the parish, by setting up as loud a cry as could reasonably have be
  289. dismal
    causing dejection
    He only cried bitterly all day; and, when the long, dismal night came on, spread his little hands before his eyes to shut out the darkness, and crouching in the corner, tried to sleep: ever and anon waking with a start and tremble, and drawing hims
  290. famine
    a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
    I wish he could have witnessed the horrible avidity with which Oliver tore the bits asunder with all the ferocity of famine.
  291. mute
    expressed without speech
    Coffin-plates, elm-chips, bright-headed nails, and shreds of black cloth, lay scattered on the floor; and the wall behind the counter was ornamented with a lively representation of two mutes in very stiff neckcloths, on duty at a large private door
  292. despise
    look down on with disdain
    But now that he was enveloped in the old calico robes which had grown yellow in the same service, he was badged and ticketed, and fell into his place at once--a parish child--the orphan of a workhouse--the humble, half-starved drudge--to be cuffed and buf
  293. devote
    dedicate
    One day, Oliver and Noah had descended into the kitchen at the usual dinner-hour, to banquet upon a small joint of mutton--a pound and a half of the worst end of the neck--when Charlotte being called out of the way, there ensued a brief interval of time,
  294. imposing
    used of a person's appearance or behavior; befitting an eminent person
    Having rested here, for a minute or so, to collect a good burst of sobs and an imposing show of tears and terror, he knocked loudly at the wicket; and presented such a rueful face to the aged pauper who opened it, that even he, who saw nothing but
  295. stall
    small area set off by walls for special use
    The Dodger had a vicious propensity, too, of pulling the caps from the heads of small boys and tossing them down areas; while Charley Bates exhibited some very loose notions concerning the rights of property, by pilfering divers apples and onions from the
  296. expedient
    appropriate to a purpose; practical
    As they drew near to their destination, however, Mr. Bumble thought it expedient to look down, and see that the boy was in good order for inspection by his new master: which he accordingly did, with a fit and becoming air of gracious patronage.
  297. deceive
    cause someone to believe an untruth
    I'll not deceive you, Mr. B. It's gin.'
  298. inevitably
    in such a manner as could not be otherwise
    Now, if, during this brief period, Oliver had been surrounded by careful grandmothers, anxious aunts, experienced nurses, and doctors of profound wisdom, he would most inevitably and indubitably have been killed in no time.
  299. destination
    the place designated as the end (as of a race or journey)
    He heard the news of his destination, in perfect silence; and, having had his luggage put into his hand--which was not very difficult to carry, inasmuch as it was all comprised within the limits of a brown paper parcel, about half a foot square by
  300. plunge
    dash violently or with great speed or impetuosity
    Charlotte's fist was by no means a light one; but, lest it should not be effectual in calming Oliver's wrath, Mrs. Sowerberry plunged into the kitchen, and assisted to hold him with one hand, while she scratched his face with the other.
  301. ingenious
    showing inventiveness and skill
    'You'll make your fortune, Mr. Sowerberry,' said the beadle, as he thrust his thumb and forefinger into the proffered snuff-box of the undertaker: which was an ingenious little model of a patent coffin.
  302. bluff
    a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)
    Mr. Limbkins was standing in front of the desk on one side; and Mr. Gamfield, with a partially washed face, on the other; while two or three bluff-looking men, in top-boots, were lounging about.
  303. resume
    take up or begin anew
    At length the whispering ceased; and the members of the board, having resumed their seats and their solemnity, Mr. Limbkins said:

    'We have considered your proposition, and we don't approve of it.'
  304. philosophical
    of or relating to philosophy or philosophers
    And this was it:

    The members of this board were very sage, deep, philosophical men; and when they came to turn their attention to the workhouse, they found out at once, what ordinary folks would never have discovered--the poor people liked it!
  305. likeness
    similarity in appearance or character or nature between persons or things
    The man that invented the machine for taking likenesses might have known that would never succeed; it's a deal too honest.
  306. indignant
    angered at something unjust or wrong
    So saying, he smiled, approvingly: to calm the rising wrath of the indignant parish officer.
  307. replace
    put something back where it belongs
    Having replaced these trinkets, the Jew took out another: so small that it lay in the palm of his hand.
  308. grate
    reduce to small shreds or pulverize by rubbing against a rough or sharp perforated surface
    'Oh, you little un-grate-ful, mur-de-rous, hor-rid villain!'
  309. contrived
    showing effects of planning or manipulation
    Unfortunately for, the experimental philosophy of the female to whose protecting care Oliver Twist was delivered over, a similar result usually attended the operation of _her_ system; for at the very moment when the child had contrived to exist upo
  310. orphan
    a child who has lost both parents
    But now that he was enveloped in the old calico robes which had grown yellow in the same service, he was badged and ticketed, and fell into his place at once--a parish child--the orphan of a workhouse--the humble, half-starved drudge--to be cuffed
  311. defiance
    a hostile challenge
    The mandate was obeyed; and the indignant Mr. Brownlow was conveyed out, with the book in one hand, and the bamboo cane in the other: in a perfect phrenzy of rage and defiance.
  312. sneer
    a facial expression of contempt or scorn; the upper lip curls
    'Proud, eh?' exclaimed Mr. Sowerberry with a sneer.
  313. impart
    bestow a quality on
    The parish authorities inquired with dignity of the workhouse authorities, whether there was no female then domiciled in 'the house' who was in a situation to impart to Oliver Twist, the consolation and nourishment of which he stood in need.
  314. entreat
    ask for or request earnestly
    And so for from being denied the advantages of religious consolation, he was kicked into the same apartment every evening at prayer-time, and there permitted to listen to, and console his mind with, a general supplication of the boys, containing a special
  315. achieve
    to gain with effort
    He had hardly achieved this very unusual gymnastic performance, when Mr. Bumble brought him, with his own hands, a basin of gruel, and the holiday allowance of two ounces and a quarter of bread.
  316. errand
    a short trip that is taken in the performance of a necessary task or mission
    Covered ways and yards, which here and there diverged from the main street, disclosed little knots of houses, where drunken men and women were positively wallowing in filth; and from several of the door-ways, great ill-looking fellows were cautiously emer
  317. prudent
    careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment
    CHAPTER I

    TREATS OF THE PLACE WHERE OLIVER TWIST WAS BORN AND OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES ATTENDING HIS BIRTH

    Among other public buildings in a certain town, which for many reasons it will be prudent to refrain from mentioning, and to which I will assig
  318. communicate
    transfer to another
    Mr. Bumble had been despatched to make various preliminary inquiries, with the view of finding out some captain or other who wanted a cabin-boy without any friends; and was returning to the workhouse to communicate the result of his mission; when h
  319. positively
    so as to be positive; in a positive manner
    That same evening, the gentleman in the white waistcoat most positively and decidedly affirmed, not only that Oliver would be hung, but that he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain.
  320. anticipated
    expected hopefully
    There was not so great a necessity for hurrying as Mr. Sowerberry had anticipated, however; for when they reached the obscure corner of the churchyard in which the nettles grew, and where the parish graves were made, the clergyman had not arrived;
  321. emphasis
    intensity or forcefulness of expression
    These only chanced to be heard, indeed, or account of their being very frequently repeated with great emphasis.
  322. sage
    a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom
    And this was it:

    The members of this board were very sage, deep, philosophical men; and when they came to turn their attention to the workhouse, they found out at once, what ordinary folks would never have discovered--the poor people liked it!
  323. preliminary
    denoting an action or event preceding or in preparation for something more important; designed to orient or acquaint with a situation before proceeding
    Mr. Bumble had been despatched to make various preliminary inquiries, with the view of finding out some captain or other who wanted a cabin-boy without any friends; and was returning to the workhouse to communicate the result of his mission; when h
  324. convince
    make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something
    'I never was more convinced of anything in my life,' said the gentleman in the white waistcoat, as he knocked at the gate and read the bill next morning: 'I never was more convinced of anything in my life, than I am that that boy will come to be hu
  325. approve
    judge to be right or commendable; think well of
    At length the whispering ceased; and the members of the board, having resumed their seats and their solemnity, Mr. Limbkins said:

    'We have considered your proposition, and we don't approve of it.'
  326. devour
    eat immoderately
    The boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again; and when they had performed this operation (which never took very long, the spoons being nearly as large as the bowls), they would sit staring at the copper, with such eager eyes, as if they
  327. awe
    an overwhelming feeling of wonder or admiration
    GOING TO A FUNERAL FOR THE FIRST TIME, HE FORMS AN UNFAVOURABLE NOTION OF HIS MASTER'S BUSINESS

    Oliver, being left to himself in the undertaker's shop, set the lamp down on a workman's bench, and gazed timidly about him with a feeling of awe and d
  328. hue
    the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength
    But the old gentleman was not the only person who raised the hue-and-cry.
  329. amiable
    diffusing warmth and friendliness
    It shows us what a beautiful thing human nature may be made to be; and how impartially the same amiable qualities are developed in the finest lord and the dirtiest charity-boy.
  330. occurrence
    an instance of something occurring
    Occasionally, when there was some more than usually interesting inquest upon a parish child who had been overlooked in turning up a bedstead, or inadvertently scalded to death when there happened to be a washing--though the latter accident was very scarce
  331. acquire
    come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
    In commercial phrase, coffins were looking up; and, in the course of a few weeks, Oliver acquired a great deal of experience.
  332. resignation
    the act of giving up (a claim or office or possession etc.)
    As Oliver accompanied his master in most of his adult expeditions too, in order that he might acquire that equanimity of demeanour and full command of nerve which was essential to a finished undertaker, he had many opportunities of observing the beautiful
  333. whistle
    the sound made by something moving rapidly or by steam coming out of a small aperture
    'Then I'll whop yer when I get in,' said the voice; 'you just see if I don't, that's all, my work'us brat!' and having made this obliging promise, the voice began to whistle.
  334. affirm
    to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
    That same evening, the gentleman in the white waistcoat most positively and decidedly affirmed, not only that Oliver would be hung, but that he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain.
  335. hearty
    showing warm and heartfelt friendliness
    'Oh, you queer soul!' said Charlotte, bursting into a hearty laugh, in which she was joined by Noah; after which they both looked scornfully at poor Oliver Twist, as he sat shivering on the box in the coldest corner of the room, and ate the stale p
  336. assisted
    having help; often used as a combining form
    The room in which the boys were fed, was a large stone hall, with a copper at one end: out of which the master, dressed in an apron for the purpose, and assisted by one or two women, ladled the gruel at mealtimes.
  337. gratify
    make happy or satisfied
    'Well, well,' said the beadle, evidently gratified with the compliment; 'perhaps I may be.
  338. polite
    showing regard for others in manners, speech, behavior, etc.
    He then withdrew a pace or two; and, with another polite and gentlemanly inclination of the head, waited to be questioned.
  339. engage
    consume all of one's attention or time
    He saw the Jew with his half-closed eyes; heard his low whistling; and recognised the sound of the spoon grating against the saucepan's sides: and yet the self-same senses were mentally engaged, at the same time, in busy action with almost everybod
  340. resolve
    find the solution
    Upon this, the parish authorities magnanimously and humanely resolved, that Oliver should be 'farmed,' or, in other words, that he should be dispatched to a branch-workhouse some three miles off, where twenty or thirty other juvenile offenders agai
  341. relieve
    free from a burden, evil, or distress
    'And they made it a special verdict, I think,' said the undertaker, 'by adding some words to the effect, that if the relieving officer had--'

    'Tush!
  342. induce
    cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner
    The fact is, that there was considerable difficulty in inducing Oliver to take upon himself the office of respiration,--a troublesome practice, but one which custom has rendered necessary to our easy existence; and for some time he lay gasping on a
  343. convey
    transmit or serve as the medium for transmission
    Mr. Bumble, was at once instructed that Oliver Twist and his indentures were to be conveyed before the magistrate, for signature and approval, that very afternoon.