molt
cast off hair, skin, horn, or feathers
NOTES:
Joad could see it ahead of him, its poor branches curving over the way, its load of leaves tattered and scraggly as a molting chicken.
hackles
a feeling of anger and animosity
NOTES:
"By God!" Now all dogs met and hackles rose, and they all growled and stood stiffly, each waiting for the others to start a fight.
convulse
move or stir about violently
NOTES:
He chewed, and his muscled throat convulsed in swallowing.
ravel
disentangle
NOTES:
He dragged the last smoke from his raveling cigarette and then, with callused thumb and forefinger, crushed out the glowing end.
wispy
thin and weak
NOTES:
Her thin, steelgray hair was gathered in a sparse wispy knot at the back of her head.
invisibility
the quality of not being perceivable by the eye
NOTES:
And distance, toward the horizon, was tan to invisibility .
protrude
extend out or project in space
NOTES:
His upper lip was long, and since his teeth protruded , the lips stretched to cover them, for this man kept his lips closed.
memorize
commit to memory; learn by heart
NOTES:
The driver's eyes slipped over Joad's face to memorize it.
bemused
perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment
NOTES:
After a while the faces of the watching men lost their bemused perplexity and became hard and angry and resistant.
cantankerous
stubbornly obstructive and unwilling to cooperate
NOTES:
A cantankerous , complaining, mischievous, laughing face.
germinate
produce buds, branches, or germinate
NOTES:
If a seed dropped did not germinate , it was nothing.
rakish
marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners
NOTES:
His stiff jeans, with the bottoms turned up eight inches to show his heeled boots, his three-inch belt with copper figures on it, even the red arm bands on his blue shirt and the rakish angle of his Stetson hat could not build him up to his brother
roil
make turbid by stirring up the sediments of
NOTES:
He got it all roiled up, too.
tensely
in a tense manner
NOTES:
He listened tensely .
iridescent
varying in color when seen in different lights or from different angles
NOTES:
A flock of pigeons started from the deck of the tank house and flew around and settled again and strutted to the edge to look over; white pigeons and blue pigeons and grays, with iridescent wings.
rodent
relatively small placental mammals having a single pair of constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing
NOTES:
Le's get at these here miserable rodents .
rotate
turn on or around an axis or a center
NOTES:
If they could only rotate the crops they might pump blood back into the land.
fumble
feel about uncertainly or blindly
NOTES:
He gave up the fly and left it open and fumbled with the underwear buttons, then gave the whole thing up and hitched his brown suspenders.
headlight
a powerful light with reflector; attached to the front of an automobile or locomotive
NOTES:
Your grampa stood out here with a rifle, an' he blowed the headlights off the cat', but she come on just the same.
ignite
cause to start burning; subject to fire or great heat
NOTES:
The hundred muscles of his neck stood out in high relief, and the firelight went deep into his eyes and ignited red embers.
mincing
affectedly dainty or refined
NOTES:
He looked about for something that could honorably divert his attention, saw a red chicken go mincing by, and ran at it.
dilate
become wider
NOTES:
Her eyes opened wide, and the pupils dilated .
torso
the body excluding the head and neck and limbs
NOTES:
Joad carefully drew the torso of a woman in the dirt, breasts, hips, pelvis.
abnormally
in an abnormal manner
NOTES:
It was an abnormally high forehead, lined with delicate blue veins at the temples.
inhale
draw deep into the lungs in by breathing
NOTES:
His independent hands rolled a cigarette, smoothed it and lighted it, and he inhaled deeply and blew the smoke out through his nose.
sparse
not dense
NOTES:
The willows of a stream lined across the west, and to the northwest a fallow section was going back to sparse brush.
swerve
turn sharply; change direction abruptly
NOTES:
And now a light truck approached, and as it came near, the driver saw the turtle and swerved to hit it.
fluffy
like down or as soft as down
NOTES:
I choose the fluffy pilla.
huddle
a disorganized and densely packed crowd
NOTES:
Men and women huddled in their houses, and they tied handkerchiefs over their noses when they went out, and wore goggles to protect their eyes.
maul
injure badly by beating
NOTES:
I'd maybe shoot a fella in the dark, but I don't maul nobody with a fence stake no more.
swivel
turn on a pivot
NOTES:
They look over the fence sniffing for us, and the stiff ears swivel to hear us, and the black forelocks!
declivity
a downward slope or bend
NOTES:
Joad speeded his pace against the sun, and he started down the declivity .
snout
a long projecting or anterior elongation of an animal's head; especially the nose
NOTES:
Snubnosed monsters, raising the dust and sticking their snouts into it, straight down the country, across the country, through fences, through dooryards, in and out of gullies in straight lines.
petulant
easily irritated or annoyed
NOTES:
Muley's face was smooth and unwrinkled, but it wore the truculent look of a bad child's, the mouth held tight and small, the little eyes half scowling, half petulant .
smolder
burn slowly and without a flame
NOTES:
And the men looked up for a second, and the smolder of pain was in their eyes.
dissipate
to cause to separate and go in different directions
NOTES:
In the last part of May the sky grew pale and the clouds that had hung in high puffs for so long in the spring were dissipated .
giggle
laugh nervously
tempo
(music) the speed at which a composition is to be played
NOTES:
His extended foot swung slowly up and down in the tempo .
amaze
affect with wonder
NOTES:
He looked over secretly to see whether Joad was interested or amazed .
pique
a sudden outburst of anger
NOTES:
"Goin' someplace," Joad explained, a little piqued .
bloat
swelling of the rumen or intestinal tract of domestic animals caused by excessive gas
NOTES:
He's always savin' a pig for Christmus and then it dies in September of bloat or somepin so you can't eat it.
fallow
left unplowed and unseeded during a growing season
NOTES:
The willows of a stream lined across the west, and to the northwest a fallow section was going back to sparse brush.
scurry
to move about or proceed hurriedly
NOTES:
The cotton field scurried with waking life, the quick flutter of morning birds feeding on the ground, the scamper over the clods of disturbed rabbits.
pucker
to gather something into small wrinkles or folds
NOTES:
Ma came in with wet hands, and her palms puckered and bloated from hot water and soap.
retrieve
get or find back; recover the use of
NOTES:
Joad watched him for a moment and then got slowly to his feet and retrieved him and wrapped him in the coat again.
bashful
self-consciously timid
NOTES:
Willy was bashful , awful bashful.
skid
one of a pair of planks used to make a track for rolling or sliding objects
NOTES:
The car skidded back onto the road, and went on, but more slowly.
arbiter
someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue
NOTES:
From her position as healer, her hands had grown sure and cool and quiet; from her position as arbiter she had become as remote and faultless in judgment as a goddess.
bounce
spring back; spring away from an impact
NOTES:
The beam of light was closer now, and it bounced into the sky and then disappeared, and then bounced up again.
loll
be lazy or idle
NOTES:
A thick-furred yellow shepherd dog came trotting down the road, head low, tongue lolling and dripping.
taut
pulled or drawn tight
NOTES:
The cat crept along behind for a while, but in a dozen yards it arched its back to a strong taut bow and yawned, and came stealthily back toward the seated men.
pigment
dry coloring material (especially a powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint, etc.)
NOTES:
His eyes were very dark brown and there was a hint of brown pigment in his eyeballs.
sniff
perceive by inhaling through the nose
NOTES:
The men in the fields looked up at the clouds and sniffed at them and held wet fingers up to sense the wind.
bristle
a stiff hair
NOTES:
His face, squared by a bristling pepper and salt beard, was all drawn down to the forceful chin, a chin thrust out and built out by the stubble beard which was not so grayed on the chin, and gave weight and force to its thrust.
listless
lacking zest or vivacity
NOTES:
He talked the smart listless language of the roadsides to her.
scamper
to move about or proceed hurriedly
NOTES:
They were silent, and gradually the skittering life of the ground, of holes and burrows, of the brush, began again; the gophers moved, and the rabbits crept to green things, the mice scampered over clods, and the winged hunters moved soundlessly ov
reassure
cause to feel sure; give reassurance to
NOTES:
The driver was reassured .
avalanche
a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountain
NOTES:
Gophers and ant lions started small avalanches .
rivulet
a small stream
NOTES:
The plows crossed and recrossed the rivulet marks.
zenith
the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected
NOTES:
At the willow he knew there would be shade, at least one hard bar of absolute shade thrown by the trunk, since the sun had passed its zenith .
plait
a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair
NOTES:
You're buying a little girl plaiting the forelocks, taking off her hair ribbon to make bows, standing back, head cocked, rubbing the soft noses with her cheek.
sheaf
a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing
NOTES:
Sheaf of contracts, dog-eared, held with paper clips, and a neat pile of unused contracts.
disperse
move away from each other
NOTES:
Then the motor roared up and the gears clicked and the great red truck rolled heavily away.
3
THE CONCRETE HIGHWAY was edged with a mat of tangled, broken, dry grass, and the grass heads were heavy with oat beards to catch on a dog's coat, and foxtails
downcast
filled with melancholy and despondency
NOTES:
Holy Sperit when their own sperit is downcast an' sad?
labeled
bearing or marked with a label or tag
NOTES:
On the wall a picture of an Indian girl in color, labeled Red Wing.
sprinkle
scatter with liquid; wet lightly
NOTES:
He poured salt in his hand and sprinkled it over the pieces of rabbit strung on the wire.
spat
a quarrel about petty points
NOTES:
He looked out over the fields, at the shimmering air, and gathering his gum into his cheek, out of the way, he spat out the window.
flick
throw or toss with a quick motion
NOTES:
The sun lay on the grass and warmed it, and in the shade under the grass the insects moved, ants and ant lions to set traps for them, grasshoppers to jump into the air and flick their yellow wings for a second, sow bugs like little armadillos, plod
amended
modified for the better
NOTES:
"To his folks," the preacher amended quickly.
shimmer
shine with a weak or fitful light
NOTES:
He looked out over the fields, at the shimmering air, and gathering his gum into his cheek, out of the way, he spat out the window.
stumble
miss a step and fall or nearly fall
NOTES:
I mean"—he stumbled —"what I mean, if a fella's got somepin to eat an' another fella's hungry—why, the first fella ain't got no choice.
prodigal
recklessly wasteful
NOTES:
Casy suggested elaborately, "Maybe Tom'll kill the fatted calf like for the prodigal in Scripture."
strut
to walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others
NOTES:
A flock of pigeons started from the deck of the tank house and flew around and settled again and strutted to the edge to look over; white pigeons and blue pigeons and grays, with iridescent wings.
sluggish
moving slowly
NOTES:
The rain crust broke and the dust lifted up out of the fields and drove gray plumes into the air like sluggish smoke.
timidity
fear of the unknown or unfamiliar or fear of making decisions
NOTES:
His timidity was set off by hers, a curious embarrassment.
sensual
marked by the appetites and passions of the body
NOTES:
His cheeks were brown and shiny and hairless and his mouth full—humorous or sensual .
glaze
a coating for ceramics, metal, etc.
NOTES:
And the flames licked up around the meat and hardened and glazed the surfaces.
drone
an unchanging intonation
NOTES:
Diesel tractors, puttering while they stood idle; they thundered when they moved, and then settled down to a droning roar.
trough
a long narrow shallow receptacle
NOTES:
Horses came to the watering troughs and nuzzled the water to clear the surface dust.
plumb
exactly vertical
NOTES:
Knocked his head plumb to squash."
chuckle
a soft partly suppressed laugh
NOTES:
At last Joad's long upper lip grinned up from his teeth and he chuckled silently, his chest jerked with the chuckles.
midday
the middle of the day
NOTES:
Nighttime I'd lay on my back an' look up at the stars; morning I'd set an' watch the sun come up; midday I'd look out from a hill at the rollin' dry country; evenin' I'd foller the sun down.
hinge
a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other
NOTES:
The front door hung open inward, and a low strong gate across the front door hung outward on leather hinges .
chisel
an edge tool with a flat steel blade with a cutting edge
NOTES:
It was a Hudson Super-Six sedan, and the top had been ripped in two with a cold chisel .
barb
a subsidiary point facing opposite from the main point that makes an arrowhead or spear hard to remove
NOTES:
The right of way was fenced, two strands of barbed wire on willow poles.
precede
be earlier in time; go back further
NOTES:
He waited to let the whole emphasis of the preceding passage disappear and be forgotten.
tangle
twist together or entwine into a confusing mass
NOTES:
Then the motor roared up and the gears clicked and the great red truck rolled heavily away.
3
THE CONCRETE HIGHWAY was edged with a mat of tangled , broken, dry grass, and the grass heads were heavy with oat beards to catch on a dog's coat, and fo
animosity
a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility
NOTES:
Two rangy shepherd dogs trotted up pleasantly, until they caught the scent of strangers, and then they backed cautiously away, watchful, their tails moving slowly and tentatively in the air, but their eyes and noses quick for animosity or danger.
beak
horny projecting mouth of a bird
NOTES:
His horny beak was partly open, and his fierce, humorous eyes, under brows like fingernails, stared straight ahead.
fragile
easily broken or damaged or destroyed
NOTES:
In Noah's broad face, eyes too far apart, and long fragile jaw, Pa thought he saw the twisted, warped skull of the baby.
ruthless
without mercy or pity
NOTES:
The men were ruthless because the past had been spoiled, but the women knew how the past would cry to them in the coming days.
disk
something with a round shape resembling a flat circular plate
NOTES:
Behind the tractor rolled the shining disks , cutting the earth with blades—not plowing but surgery, pushing the cut earth to the right where the second row of disks cut it and pushed it to the left; slicing blades shining, polished by the c
burrow
a hole made by an animal, usually for shelter
NOTES:
You'll find your folks piled in John's house like gophers in a winter burrow ."
focused
being in focus or brought into focus
NOTES:
Grampa focused his eyes fiercely until he recognized Casy.
pry
be nosey
NOTES:
During a night the wind raced faster over the land, dug cunningly among the rootlets of the corn, and the corn fought the wind with its weakened leaves until the roots were freed by the prying wind and then each stalk settled wearily sideways towar
transit
a journey usually by ship
NOTES:
There was no talk until the food was gone, the coffee drunk; only the crunch of chewed food and the slup of coffee cooled in transit to the tongue.
saunter
walk leisurely and with no apparent aim
NOTES:
Tom sauntered forward, sidled embarrassedly toward the truck.
crater
a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano
NOTES:
In the dust there were drop craters where the rain had fallen, and there were clean splashes on the corn, and that was all.
investigating
the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically
NOTES:
Again the secret investigating casualness.
pierce
penetrate or cut through with a sharp instrument
NOTES:
When the night came again it was black night, for the stars could not pierce the dust to get down, and the window lights could not even spread beyond their own yards.
sap
a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant
NOTES:
High compression got lots a sap for a while, but the metal ain't made that'll hold it for long.
gust
a strong current of air
NOTES:
A day went by and the wind increased, steady, unbroken by gusts .
automatically
in a mechanical manner; by a mechanism
NOTES:
If he took in the hitch-hiker he was automatically a good guy and also he was not one whom any rich bastard could kick around.
meek
humble in spirit or manner; suggesting retiring mildness or even cowed submissiveness
NOTES:
It says in po'try: "'Merry Christmas, purty child, Jesus meek an' Jesus mild, Underneath the Christmas tree There's a gif' for you from me.'
drought
a shortage of rainfall
NOTES:
Beyond the fence, the corn lay beaten down by wind and heat and drought , and the cups where leaf joined stalk were filled with dust.