-
abrasion
erosion by friction
-
accommodation
making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances
-
acoustic
of or relating to the science of acoustics
-
acuity
sharpness of vision; the visual ability to resolve fine detail (usually measured by a Snellen chart)
-
adjustment
the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)
-
alignment
the spatial property possessed by an arrangement or position of things in a straight line or in parallel lines
-
amblyopia
visual impairment without apparent organic pathology
-
angiography
roentgenographic examination of blood vessels after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium; produces an angiogram
-
ankylosis
abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint
-
anterior
of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
-
aperture
a natural opening in something
-
aphakia
absence of the natural lens of the eye (usually resulting from the removal of cataracts)
-
aqueous
similar to or containing or dissolved in water
-
aspirate
suck in (air)
-
astigmatism
(ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea; common in nearsighted people
-
audiogram
a graphical representation of a person's auditory sensitivity to sound
-
audiometer
an instrument used to measure the sensitivity of hearing
-
auditory
of or relating to the process of hearing
-
aural
of or pertaining to hearing or the ear
-
auricle
a small conical pouch projecting from the upper anterior part of each atrium of the heart
-
auricular
of or relating to near the ear
-
biconvex
convex on both sides; shaped like a lentil
-
binocular
relating to both eyes
-
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelids characterized by redness and swelling and dried crusts
-
bloodshot
(of an eye) reddened as a result of locally congested blood vessels; inflamed
-
booming
used of the voice
-
brain
that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord
-
buckle
fastener that fastens together two ends of a belt or strap; often has loose prong
-
buzzing
noisy like the sound of a bee
-
canal
long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation
-
cartilaginous
of or relating to cartilage
-
cataract
a large waterfall; violent rush of water over a precipice
-
cerebral
of or relating to the cerebrum or brain
-
cerumen
a soft yellow wax secreted by glands in the ear canal
-
chalazion
a small sebaceous cyst of the eyelid resulting when a Meibomian gland is blocked
-
chamber
a natural or artificial enclosed space
-
chiasm
an intersection or crossing of two tracts in the form of the letter X
-
choroid
a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera; a dark pigmentation minimizes the scattering of light inside the eye
-
ciliary
of or relating to cilia projecting from the surface of a cell
-
clarity
the quality of clear water
-
cochlea
the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by the organ of Corti
-
cochlear
of or relating to the cochlea of the ear
-
concave
curving inward
-
conduction
the transmission of heat or electricity or sound
-
cone
a shape whose base is a circle and whose sides taper up to a point
-
conjunctiva
a transparent lubricating mucous membrane that covers the eyeball and the under surface of the eyelid
-
contractile
capable of contracting or being contracted
-
convex
curving or bulging outward
-
cornea
the transparent dome-shaped anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the iris and pupil and is continuous with the sclera
-
corneal
of or related to the cornea
-
cortex
the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal
-
curvature
the property possessed by the curving of a line or surface
-
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac causing obstruction of the tube draining tears into the nose
-
deafness
partial or complete loss of hearing
-
defective
having a defect
-
detachment
the act of releasing from an attachment or connection
-
deviation
a variation that deviates from the standard or norm
-
diabetic
someone who has diabetes
-
dilate
become wider
-
diplopia
visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects
-
disc
a flat circular plate
-
ear
the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
-
eardrum
the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound
-
endolymph
the bodily fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
-
enucleation
surgical removal of something without cutting into it
-
equilibrium
a stable situation in which forces cancel one another
-
esotropia
strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose
-
Eustachian tube
either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
-
exotropia
strabismus in which one or both eyes are directed outward
-
external
happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface
-
eye
the organ of sight
-
fenestra
a small opening covered with membrane (especially one in the bone between the middle and inner ear)
-
fiber
a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn
-
floater
an object that floats or is capable of floating
-
fluorescein
a yellow dye that is visible even when highly diluted; used as an absorption indicator when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride in order to precipitate silver chloride (turns pink when no chloride ions are left in solution and negative fluorescein ions are then absorbed)
-
fundus
(anatomy) the base of a hollow organ or that part of the organ farthest from its opening
-
glaucoma
an eye disease that damages the optic nerve and impairs vision (sometimes progressing to blindness)
-
hemianopsia
blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes
-
hordeolum
an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
-
humor
a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter
-
hydrops
swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities
-
hyperacusis
abnormal acuteness of hearing due to increased irritability of the sensory neural mechanism; characterized by intolerance for ordinary sound levels
-
hyperopia
abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects
-
hypertensive
having abnormally high blood pressure
-
incision
the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation)
-
incus
the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes
-
iris
muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil which in turn controls the amount of light that enters the eye; it forms the colored portion of the eye
-
irregular
(of a surface or shape); not level or flat or symmetrical
-
keratoplasty
a surgical procedure in which part or all of a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by healthy corneal tissue from a donor
-
labyrinth
complex system of paths or tunnels in which it is easy to get lost
-
lacrimal
of or relating to tears
-
lacrimation
shedding tears
-
laser
an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an optical device that produces an intense monochromatic beam of coherent light
-
lens
a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images
-
macular degeneration
eye disease caused by degeneration of the cells of the macula lutea and results in blurred vision; can cause blindness
-
malleus
the ossicle attached to the eardrum
-
mastoid
process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull
-
mastoiditis
inflammation of the mastoid
-
meatus
a natural body passageway
-
membrane
a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants
-
membranous
characterized by formation of a membrane (or something resembling a membrane)
-
Meniere's disease
a disease of the inner ear characterized by episodes of dizziness and tinnitus and progressive hearing loss (usually unilateral)
-
microscopic
so small as to be invisible without a microscope
-
miosis
(genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants)
-
miotic
of or relating to or causing constriction of the pupil of the eye
-
mydriasis
reflex pupillary dilation as a muscle pulls the iris outward; occurs in response to a decrease in light or certain drugs
-
myringotomy
surgical incision into the eardrum (to relieve pressure or release pus from the middle ear)
-
nerve
any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body
-
neuroma
any tumor derived from cells of the nervous system
-
nyctalopia
inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
-
nystagmus
involuntary movements of the eyeballs; its presence or absence is used to diagnose a variety of neurological and visual disorders
-
olfactory
of or relating to olfaction
-
ophthalmologist
a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the eye
-
ophthalmoscopy
examination of the interior of an eye using an ophthalmoscope
-
optic
of or relating to or resembling the eye
-
optician
a worker who makes glasses for remedying defects of vision
-
optometrist
a person skilled in testing for defects of vision in order to prescribe corrective glasses
-
organ of Corti
the hearing organ of the inner ear; contains receptors that respond to sound waves
-
ossicle
a small bone; especially one in the middle ear
-
otic
of or relating to near the ear
-
otitis
inflammation of the ear
-
otolaryngologist
a specialist in the disorders of the ear or nose or throat
-
otosclerosis
hereditary disorder in which ossification of the labyrinth of the inner ear causes tinnitus and eventual deafness
-
otoscope
medical instrument consisting of a magnifying lens and light; used for examining the external ear (the auditory meatus and especially the tympanic membrane)
-
oval window
fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it
-
papilledema
swelling of the optic disc (where the optic nerve enters the eyeball); usually associated with an increase in intraocular pressure
-
perilymph
the bodily fluid that fills the space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
-
phacoemulsification
extracapsular surgery for cataracts in which ultrasonic sound breaks the cortex and nucleus of the lens into small fragments that are then vacuumed away through a small tube
-
photocoagulation
surgical procedure that uses an intense laser beam to destroy diseased retinal tissue or to make a scar that will hold the retina in cases of detached retina
-
photophobia
pain in the eye resulting from exposure to bright light (often associated with albinism)
-
pigmentation
coloration of living tissues by pigment
-
pinna
division of a usually pinnately divided leaf
-
pneumatic
of or relating to or using air (or a similar gas)
-
presbyopia
a reduced ability to focus on near objects caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens after age 45
-
ptosis
drooping of the upper eyelid caused by muscle paralysis and weakness
-
pupil
a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
-
pupillary
of or relating to the pupil of the eye
-
receptor
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
-
refract
subject to refraction
-
refraction
the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another
-
retina
the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve
-
retinitis
inflammation of the retina
-
retinopathy
a disease of the retina that can result in loss of vision
-
ringing
the sound of a bell ringing
-
rod
a long thin implement made of metal or wood
-
sac
an enclosed space
-
saccule
a small sac or pouch (especially the smaller chamber of the membranous labyrinth)
-
sclera
the whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering and protection of the eyeball
-
scleritis
inflammation of the sclera
-
scotoma
an isolated area of diminished vision within the visual field
-
semicircular
curved into a half circle
-
sensation
an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation
-
serous
of or producing or containing serum
-
stapes
the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea
-
stimulus
any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action
-
strabismus
abnormal alignment of one or both eyes
-
stye
an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
-
suppurative
relating to or characterized by suppuration
-
thalamus
large egg-shaped structures of grey matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon
-
tinnitus
a ringing or booming sensation in one or both ears; a symptom of an ear infection or Meniere's disease
-
tonometry
the measurement of intraocular pressure by determining the amount of force needed to make a slight indentation in the cornea
-
tube
a hollow cylindrical shape
-
tunnel
a passageway through or under something, usually underground (especially one for trains or cars)
-
tympanic
resembling a drum
-
utricle
a small pouch into which the semicircular canals open
-
uveitis
inflammation of the uvea of the eye
-
vascular
of or relating to or having vessels that conduct and circulate fluids
-
vertigo
a reeling sensation; a feeling that you are about to fall
-
vestibule
a large entrance or reception room or area
-
vibration
a shaky motion
-
vision
the ability to see; the visual faculty
-
visual
relating to or using sight
-
vitrectomy
a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous humor and replace it with saline solution
-
vitreous
relating to or resembling or derived from or containing glass
-
whirling
the act of rotating in a circle or spiral
-
whistling
the sound made by something moving rapidly or by steam coming out of a small aperture
-
xanthelasma
xanthoma of the eyelids; occurs chiefly in the elderly
-
xerophthalmia
abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eyes; may be due to a systemic deficiency of vitamin A