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ichthyology
the branch of zoology that studies fishes
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icon
a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface
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iconoclastic
characterized by attack on established beliefs or institutions
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ideology
an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation
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idiom
an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up
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idiosyncrasy
a behavioral attribute that is distinctive and peculiar to an individual
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idle
not in action or at work
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idolatry
the worship of idols; the worship of images that are not God
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idyll
a short poem descriptive of rural or pastoral life
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idyllic
suggestive of an idyll; charmingly simple and serene
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igneous
produced by the action of fire or intense heat
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ignite
cause to start burning; subject to fire or great heat
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ignoble
completely lacking nobility in character or quality or purpose
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ignominy
a state of dishonor
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illicit
contrary to accepted morality (especially sexual morality) or convention
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illimitable
without limits in extent or size or quantity
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illuminate
make lighter or brighter
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illusion
an erroneous mental representation
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illusive
based on or having the nature of an illusion
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illusory
based on or having the nature of an illusion
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imbalance
a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium
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imbecility
retardation more severe than a moron but not as severe as an idiot
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imbibe
take in liquids
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imbroglio
an intricate and confusing interpersonal or political situation
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imbue
spread or diffuse through
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immaculate
completely neat and clean
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imminent
close in time; about to occur
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immobility
the quality of not moving
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immolate
offer as a sacrifice by killing or by giving up to destruction
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immune
relating to the condition of immunity
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immure
lock up or confine, in or as in a jail
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immutable
not subject or susceptible to change or variation in form or quality or nature
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impair
make worse or less effective
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impale
pierce with a sharp stake or point
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impalpable
not perceptible to the touch
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impart
bestow a quality on
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impartial
free from undue bias or preconceived opinions
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impassable
incapable of being passed
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impasse
a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible
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impassioned
characterized by intense emotion
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impassive
having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; not easily aroused or excited
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impeach
bring an accusation against; level a charge against
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impeccable
without fault or error
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impecunious
not having enough money to pay for necessities
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impede
be a hindrance or obstacle to
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impediment
something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress
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impel
urge or force (a person) to an action; constrain or motivate
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impending
close in time; about to occur
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impenetrable
not admitting of penetration or passage into or through
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impenitent
not penitent or remorseful
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imperative
requiring attention or action
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imperceptible
impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses
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imperial
relating to or associated with an empire
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imperil
pose a threat to; present a danger to
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imperious
having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy
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impermeable
preventing especially liquids to pass or diffuse through
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impersonal
not relating to or responsive to individual persons
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impertinent
improperly forward or bold
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imperturbable
not easily perturbed or excited or upset; marked by extreme calm and composure
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impervious
not admitting of passage or capable of being affected
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impetuous
characterized by undue haste and lack of thought or deliberation
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impetus
a force that moves something along
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impiety
unrighteousness by virtue of lacking respect for a god
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impinge
impinge or infringe upon
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impious
lacking piety or reverence for a god
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implacable
incapable of being placated
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implausible
highly imaginative but unlikely
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implement
instrumentation (a piece of equipment or tool) used to effect an end
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implicate
bring into intimate and incriminating connection
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implication
something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied)
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implicit
implied though not directly expressed; inherent in the nature of something
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implode
burst inward
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implore
call upon in supplication; entreat
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imply
express or state indirectly
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impolitic
not politic
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imponderable
difficult or impossible to evaluate with precision
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import
bring in from abroad
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importunate
expressing earnest entreaty
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importune
beg persistently and urgently
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imposture
pretending to be another person
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impotent
(of a male) unable to copulate
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impoverish
make poor
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imprecation
the act of calling down a curse that invokes evil (and usually serves as an insult)
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impregnable
immune to attack; incapable of being tampered with
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impregnate
make pregnant
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impromptu
with little or no preparation or forethought
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impropriety
the condition of being improper
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improvident
not provident; not providing for the future
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improvise
manage in a makeshift way; do with whatever is at hand
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imprudent
not prudent or wise
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impudence
the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties
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impugn
attack as false or wrong
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impuissance
powerlessness revealed by an inability to act
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impunity
exemption from punishment or loss
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impute
attribute or credit to
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inadvertently
without knowledge or intention
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inalienable
incapable of being repudiated or transferred to another
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inamorata
a woman with whom you are in love or have an intimate relationship
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inane
devoid of intelligence
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inanimate
not endowed with life
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inarticulate
without or deprived of the use of speech or words
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insomuch
to such an extent or degree; so
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inaugurate
commence officially
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incandescent
emitting light as a result of being heated
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incantation
a ritual recitation of words or sounds believed to have a magical effect
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incapacitate
make unable to perform a certain action
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incarcerate
lock up or confine, in or as in a jail
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incarnate
possessing or existing in bodily form
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incarnation
the act of attributing human characteristics to abstract ideas etc.
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incendiary
capable of catching fire spontaneously or causing fires or burning readily
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incense
make furious
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incentive
a positive motivational influence
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inception
an event that is a beginning; a first part or stage of subsequent events
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incessant
uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing
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inchoate
only partly in existence; imperfectly formed
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incidence
the relative frequency of occurrence of something
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incident
a single distinct event
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incidental
(sometimes followed by `to') minor or casual or subordinate in significance or nature or occurring as a chance concomitant or consequence
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incinerate
become reduced to ashes
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incipient
only partly in existence; imperfectly formed
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incisive
having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions
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incite
provoke or stir up
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inclement
(of weather or climate) severe
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incline
lower or bend (the head or upper body), as in a nod or bow
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inclined
at an angle to the horizontal or vertical position
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inclusive
including much or everything; and especially including stated limits
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incognito
without revealing one's identity
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incoherent
without logical or meaningful connection
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incommodious
uncomfortably or inconveniently small
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incompatible
not compatible
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incongruity
the quality of disagreeing; being unsuitable and inappropriate
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inconsequential
lacking worth or importance
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inconsistency
the quality of being inconsistent and lacking a harmonious uniformity among things or parts
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incontinent
not having control over urination and defecation
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incontrovertible
impossible to deny or disprove
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incorporate
make into a whole or make part of a whole
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incorporeal
without material form or substance
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incorrigible
impervious to correction by punishment
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incredulity
doubt about the truth of something
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incredulous
not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving
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increment
the amount by which something increases
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incriminate
suggest that someone is guilty
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incrustation
the formation of a crust
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incubate
grow under conditions that promote development
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incubus
a male demon believed to lie on sleeping persons and to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women
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inculcate
teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions
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incumbent
necessary (for someone) as a duty or responsibility; morally binding
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incur
make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to
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incursion
the act of entering some territory or domain (often in large numbers)
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indecision
the trait of irresolution; a lack of firmness of character or purpose
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indecisive
characterized by lack of decision and firmness
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indefatigable
showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality
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indelible
cannot be removed or erased
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indemnify
secure against future loss, damage, or liability; give security for
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indentation
the space left between the margin and the start of an indented line
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indenture
formal agreement between the issuer of bonds and the bondholders as to terms of the debt
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indeterminate
not precisely determined or established; not fixed or known in advance
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indicative
(usually followed by `of') pointing out or revealing clearly
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index
an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed
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indict
accuse formally of a crime
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indifferent
marked by a lack of interest
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indigence
a state of extreme poverty or destitution
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indigenous
originating where it is found
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indigent
poor enough to need help from others
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indignation
a feeling of righteous anger
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indignity
an affront to one's dignity or self-esteem
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indiscriminate
failing to make or recognize distinctions
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indisputable
not open to question; obviously true
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indissoluble
(of a substance) incapable of being dissolved
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indite
produce a literary work
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indoctrinate
teach doctrines to; teach uncritically
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indolent
disinclined to work or exertion
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indomitable
impossible to subdue
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indubitable
too obvious to be doubted
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induce
cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner
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induct
place ceremoniously or formally in an office or position
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inductive
inducing or influencing; leading on
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indulge
yield (to); give satisfaction to
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indulgent
characterized by or given to yielding to the wishes of someone
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industrious
characterized by hard work and perseverance
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inebriate
make drunk (with alcoholic drinks)
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inebriated
stupefied or excited by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)
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ineffable
defying expression or description
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ineffectual
not producing an intended effect
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ineluctable
impossible to avoid or evade:"inescapable conclusion"
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inept
generally incompetent and ineffectual
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inequity
injustice by virtue of not conforming with rules or standards
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inerrancy
(Christianity) exemption from error
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inert
unable to move or resist motion
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inestimable
beyond calculation or measure
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inevitable
incapable of being avoided or prevented
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inexorable
not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty
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inextricable
not permitting extrication; incapable of being disentangled or untied
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infallible
incapable of failure or error
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infamous
known widely and usually unfavorably
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infantile
of or relating to infants or infancy
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infer
conclude by reasoning; in logic
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infernal
characteristic of or resembling Hell
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infest
occupy in large numbers or live on a host
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infidel
a person who does not acknowledge your god
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infiltrate
pass through an enemy line; in a military conflict
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infinitesimal
infinitely or immeasurably small
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infirmity
the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)
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inflated
enlarged beyond truth or reasonableness
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influx
the process of flowing in
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infraction
a crime less serious than a felony
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infringe
advance beyond the usual limit
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ingenious
showing inventiveness and skill
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ingenue
an artless innocent young girl (especially as portrayed on the stage)
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ingenuous
lacking in sophistication or worldliness
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ingrained
(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held
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ingrate
a person who shows no gratitude
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ingratiate
gain favor with somebody by deliberate efforts
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inherent
existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
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inhibit
limit the range or extent of
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inhibited
held back or restrained or prevented
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inimical
not friendly
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inimitable
defying imitation; matchless
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iniquitous
characterized by iniquity; wicked because it is believed to be a sin
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initiate
set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for
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injurious
harmful to living things
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inkling
a slight suggestion or vague understanding
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innate
present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired during fetal development
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innocuous
not injurious to physical or mental health
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innovation
the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new
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innuendo
an indirect (and usually malicious) implication
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inopportune
not opportune
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inordinate
beyond normal limits
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inquisitive
inquiring or appearing to inquire
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inquisitor
a questioner who is excessively harsh
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inroad
an encroachment or intrusion
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insalubrious
detrimental to health
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insatiable
impossible to satisfy
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inscrutable
of an obscure nature
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insensate
devoid of feeling and consciousness and animation
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insensible
barely able to be perceived
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insidious
working or spreading in a hidden and usually injurious way
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insightful
exhibiting insight or clear and deep perception
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insinuate
give to understand
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insipid
lacking interest or significance or impact
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insolence
the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties
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insolvent
unable to meet or discharge financial obligations
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insomnia
an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness
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insouciant
marked by blithe unconcern
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instigate
provoke or stir up
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institute
set up or lay the groundwork for
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institution
a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group or society
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institutionalize
cause to be admitted; of persons to an institution
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insubordination
defiance of authority
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insubstantial
lacking material form or substance; unreal
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insularity
the state of being isolated or detached
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insuperable
incapable of being surmounted or excelled
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insurgent
in opposition to a civil authority or government
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insurmountable
not capable of being surmounted or overcome
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insurrection
organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another
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intangible
incapable of being perceived by the senses especially the sense of touch
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integral
existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
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integrate
make into a whole or make part of a whole
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integrity
an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting
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intellect
knowledge and intellectual ability
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intelligentsia
an educated and intellectual elite
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inter
place in a grave or tomb
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interdict
an ecclesiastical censure by the Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district
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interim
the time between one event, process, or period and another
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interjection
an abrupt emphatic exclamation expressing emotion
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interloper
someone who intrudes on the privacy or property of another without permission
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intermediary
a negotiator who acts as a link between parties
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interminable
tiresomely long; seemingly without end
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intermittent
stopping and starting at irregular intervals
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internecine
(of conflict) within a group or organization
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interpolate
insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby
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interregnum
the time between two reigns, governments, etc.
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interrogate
pose a series of questions to
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interstice
small opening between things
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intervene
be placed or located between other things or extend between spaces and events
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intimate
imply as a possibility
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intimidate
to compel or deter by or as if by threats
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intolerant
unwilling to tolerate difference of opinion
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intoxicate
make drunk (with alcoholic drinks)
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intractable
not tractable; difficult to manage or mold
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intransigence
the trait of being intransigent; stubbornly refusing to compromise
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intrepid
invulnerable to fear or intimidation
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intrigue
a crafty and involved plot to achieve your (usually sinister) ends
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intrinsic
belonging to a thing by its very nature
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introspective
given to examining own sensory and perceptual experiences
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introvert
fold inwards
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intrude
enter uninvited
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intuition
instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)
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inundate
fill or cover completely, usually with water
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inured
made tough by habitual exposure
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invalid
someone who is incapacitated by a chronic illness or injury
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invalidate
make invalid for use
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invective
abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will
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inveigh
complain bitterly
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inveigle
influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing, or flattering
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inverse
reversed (turned backward) in order or nature or effect
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invert
turn inside out or upside down
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inveterate
habitual
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invidious
containing or implying a slight or showing prejudice
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invincible
incapable of being overcome or subdued
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inviolable
incapable of being transgressed or dishonored
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invocation
the act of appealing for help
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invoke
request earnestly (something from somebody); ask for aid or protection
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invulnerable
immune to attack; impregnable
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iota
a tiny or scarcely detectable amount
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irascible
quickly aroused to anger
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irate
feeling or showing extreme anger
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iridescent
varying in color when seen in different lights or from different angles
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irksome
so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness
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ironic
characterized by often poignant difference or incongruity between what is expected and what actually is
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irony
incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs
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irreconcilable
impossible to reconcile
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irrefutable
impossible to deny or disprove
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irrelevant
having no bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
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irremediable
impossible to remedy or correct or redress
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irreparable
impossible to repair, rectify, or amend
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irrepressible
impossible to repress or control
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irreproachable
free of guilt; not subject to blame
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irresolute
uncertain how to act or proceed
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irretrievable
impossible to recover or recoup or overcome
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irreverence
an irreverent mental attitude
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irrevocable
incapable of being retracted or revoked
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isotope
one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons
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isthmus
a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas
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itinerant
traveling from place to place to work
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itinerary
an established line of travel or access