Teleological means starting from the end and reasoning back. Intelligent design is a teleological argument for God's existence: the universe is too complex to be the result of random "accident," thus there must be a God who created it.
Teleological comes from the Greek roots telos "end" or "purpose" and -ology "study of." So teleology and teleological arguments try to explain the result (in this case, the complexity and seeming order of the universe) by postulating a purpose. If you take a teleological view of humanity, you think human life has purpose and is moving toward some goal.
