- Types:
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barratry
(maritime law) a fraudulent breach of duty by the master of a ship that injures the owner of the ship or its cargo; includes every breach of trust such as stealing or sinking or deserting the ship or embezzling the cargo
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identity theft
the co-option of another person's personal information (e.g., name, Social Security number, credit card number, passport) without that person's knowledge and the fraudulent use of such knowledge
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mail fraud
use of the mails to defraud someone
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election fraud
misrepresentation or alteration of the true results of an election
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constructive fraud, legal fraud
comprises all acts or omissions or concealments involving breach of equitable or legal duty or trust or confidence
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collateral fraud, extrinsic fraud
fraud that prevents a party from knowing their rights or from having a fair opportunity of presenting them at trial
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fraud in fact, positive fraud
actual deceit; concealing something or making a false representation with an evil intent to cause injury to another
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fraud in the factum
fraud that arises from a disparity between the instrument intended to be executed and the instrument actually executed; e.g., leading someone to sign the wrong contract
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fraud in the inducement
fraud which intentionally causes a person to execute and instrument or make an agreement or render a judgment; e.g., misleading someone about the true facts
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intrinsic fraud
fraud (as by use of forged documents or false claims or perjury) that misleads a court or jury and induces a finding for the one perpetrating the fraud
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cheat, rig, swindle
the act of swindling by some fraudulent scheme
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cozenage, scam
a fraudulent business scheme
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fraud in law
fraud that is presumed from the circumstances although the one who commits it need not have had any evil intent
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bunco, bunco game, bunko, bunko game, con, con game, confidence game, confidence trick, flimflam, gyp, hustle, sting
a swindle in which you cheat at gambling or persuade a person to buy worthless property
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pyramiding
a fraudulent business practice involving some form of pyramid scheme e.g., the chain of distribution is artificially expanded by an excessive number of distributors selling to other distributors at progressively higher wholesale prices until retail prices are unnecessarily inflated
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holdout
the act of hiding playing cards in a gambling game so they are available for personal use later
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swiz
British slang for a swindle
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shell game, thimblerig
a swindling sleight-of-hand game; victim guesses which of three things a pellet is under
