- Types:
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fossilology, palaeontology, paleontology
the earth science that studies fossil organisms and related remains
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geology
a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks
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meteorology
the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather)
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oceanography, oceanology
the branch of science dealing with physical and biological aspects of the oceans
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limnology
the scientific study of bodies of fresh water for their biological and physical and geological properties
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geographics, geography
study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation
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palaeobiology, paleobiology
a branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms
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hypsography
the scientific study of the earth's configuration above sea level (emphasizing the measurement of land altitudes relative to sea level)
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palaeogeology, paleogeology
the study of geologic features once at the surface of the earth but now buried beneath rocks
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geophysical science, geophysics
geology that uses physical principles to study properties of the earth
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orography, orology
the science of mountains
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stratigraphy
the branch of geology that studies the arrangement and succession of strata
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aerology
meteorology of the total extent of the atmosphere; especially the upper layers
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climatology
meteorology of climates and their phenomena
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nephology
the branch of meteorology that studies clouds and cloud formation
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hydrography
the science of the measurement and description and mapping of the surface waters of the earth with special reference to navigation
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mineralogy
the branch of geology that studies minerals: their structure and properties and the ways of distinguishing them
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spelaeology, speleology
the scientific study of caves
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economic geology
the branch of geology that deals with economically valuable geological materials
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physical geography, physiography
the study of physical features of the earth's surface
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topography
precise detailed study of the surface features of a region
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economic geography
the branch of geography concerned with the production and distribution of commodities
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micropaleontology
the paleontology of microfossils
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vertebrate paleontology
the paleontology of vertebrates