- Types:
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dominance
the organic phenomenon in which one of a pair of alleles present in a genotype is expressed in the phenotype and the other allele of the pair is not
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abiogenesis, autogenesis, autogeny, spontaneous generation
a hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matter
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alternation of generations, heterogenesis, xenogenesis
the alternation of two or more different forms in the life cycle of a plant or animal
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annual ring, growth ring
an annual formation of wood in plants as they grow
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bioelectricity
electric phenomena in animals or plants
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circulation
movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels
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cyclosis, streaming
the circulation of cytoplasm within a cell
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death
the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism
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decay, decomposition
the organic phenomenon of rotting
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dehiscence
(biology) release of material by splitting open of an organ or tissue; the natural bursting open at maturity of a fruit or other reproductive body to release seeds or spores or the bursting open of a surgically closed wound
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desquamation, peeling, shedding
loss of bits of outer skin by peeling or shedding or coming off in scales
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exfoliation
the peeling off in flakes or scales of bark or dead skin
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diapedesis
passage of blood cells (especially white blood cells) through intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue
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facilitation
(neurophysiology) phenomenon that occurs when two or more neural impulses that alone are not enough to trigger a response in a neuron combine to trigger an action potential
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food chain
(ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member
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food pyramid
(ecology) a hierarchy of food chains with the principal predator at the top; each level preys on the level below
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food cycle, food web
(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
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gene expression
conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein
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histocompatibility
condition in which the cells of one tissue can survive in the presence of cells of another tissue
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life
the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones
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life cycle
a series of stages through which an organism passes between recurrences of a primary stage
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pleomorphism
(biology) the appearance of two or more distinctly different forms in the life cycle of some organisms
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polymorphism
(biology) the existence of two or more forms of individuals within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)
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polymorphism
(genetics) the genetic variation within a population that natural selection can operate on
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recognition
(biology) the ability of one molecule to attach to another molecule that has a complementary shape
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rejection
(medicine) an immunological response that refuses to accept substances or organisms that are recognized as foreign
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greening, rejuvenation
the phenomenon of vitality and freshness being restored
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sex linkage
an association between genes in sex chromosomes that makes some characteristics appear more frequently in one sex than in the other
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digenesis, metagenesis
alternation of sexual and asexual generations
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brain wave, brainwave, cortical potential
(neurophysiology) rapid fluctuations of voltage between parts of the cerebral cortex that are detectable with an electroencephalograph
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systemic circulation
circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs
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pulmonary circulation
circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs
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vitelline circulation
circulation of blood between the embryo and the yolk sac
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biology
characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms
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aerobiosis
life sustained in the presence of air or oxygen
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cell death, necrobiosis
(physiology) the normal degeneration and death of living cells (as in various epithelial cells)
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gangrene, mortification, necrosis, sphacelus
the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply)
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brain death, cerebral death
death when respiration and other reflexes are absent; consciousness is gone; organs can be removed for transplantation before the heartbeat stops
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dimorphism
(biology) the existence of two forms of individual within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)
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SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
(genetics) genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered; SNPs are usually considered to be point mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of the population of a species