- Types:
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alloy, metal
a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten
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colloid
a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension
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composition
a mixture of ingredients
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mechanical mixture
a mixture whose components can be separated by mechanical means
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eutectic
a mixture of substances having a minimum melting point
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solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution
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suspension
a mixture in which fine particles are suspended in a fluid where they are supported by buoyancy
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freezing mixture
a mixture of substances (usually salt and ice) to obtain a temperature below the freezing point of water
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Greek fire
a mixture used by Byzantine Greeks that was often shot at adversaries; catches fire when wetted
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gummite
a gummy orange mixture of uranium oxides and silicates occurring naturally in the hydration and oxidation of pitchblende
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lamellar mixture
a mixture in which substances occur in distinct layers
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matte
a mixture of sulfides that forms when sulfide metal ores are smelted
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oxyacetylene
a mixture of oxygen and acetylene; used to create high temperatures for cutting or welding metals
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mineral jelly, petrolatum, petroleum jelly
a semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in medicinal ointments and for lubrication
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plaster
a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand and water; hardens into a smooth solid; used to cover walls and ceilings
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soda lime
a mixture of sodium and calcium hydroxides; absorbs liquids and gases
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finish coat, finishing coat
the final coating of plaster applied to walls and ceilings
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silver protein
a colloid preparation of protein (albumin or gelatin) and silver oxide; used in aqueous solution as an antibacterial agent
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Vaseline
a trademarked brand of petroleum jelly
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brine
a strong solution of salt and water used for pickling
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aqueous solution
a solution in water
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colloidal gel, gel
a colloid in a more solid form than a sol
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colloidal solution, colloidal suspension, sol
a colloid that has a continuous liquid phase in which a solid is suspended in a liquid
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slurry
a suspension of insoluble particles (as plaster of Paris or lime or clay etc.) usually in water
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resuspension
a renewed suspension of insoluble particles after they have been precipitated
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heavy metal
a metal of relatively high density (specific gravity greater than about 5) or of high relative atomic weight (especially one that is poisonous like mercury or lead)
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18-karat gold
an alloy that contains 75 per cent gold
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22-karat gold
an alloy that contains 87 per cent gold
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emulsion
(chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids
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oreide, oroide
alloy of copper and tin and zinc; used in imitation gold jewelry
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paste
any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency
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Alnico
trade name for an alloy used to make high-energy permanent magnets; contains aluminum and iron and nickel plus cobalt or copper or titanium
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amalgam, dental amalgam
an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams
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fusible metal
an alloy with a low melting point and used as solder and in safety plugs and sprinkler fuses
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electrum
an alloy of gold and silver
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pewter
any of various alloys of tin with small amounts of other metals (especially lead)
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pinchbeck
an alloy of copper and zinc that is used in cheap jewelry to imitate gold
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pot metal
an alloy of copper and lead used especially for making large pots
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solder
an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces
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white gold
a pale alloy of gold usually with platinum or nickel or palladium
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type metal
an alloy of tin and lead and antimony used to make printing type
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bearing metal, white metal
an alloy (often of lead or tin base) used for bearings
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Babbitt metal, babbitt
an alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; a lining for bearings that reduces friction
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ambrosia, beebread
a mixture of nectar and pollen prepared by worker bees and fed to larvae
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bleach liquor
a solution containing bleaching agents that is used to bleach textiles or paper pulp
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Britannia metal
an alloy similar to pewter
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buffer solution
a solution containing a buffer
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Carboloy
an alloy based on tungsten with cobalt or nickel as a binder; used in making metal-cutting tools
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collodion
a colorless syrupy solution of pyroxylin in ether and alcohol; used as a coating for wounds or photographic films
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steel
an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range
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cheoplastic metal
any alloy that fuses at low temperatures and can be used molding artificial teeth
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chlorine water
an aqueous solution of chlorine used as a bleaching agent
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compost
a mixture of decaying vegetation and manure; used as a fertilizer
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conjugate, conjugate solution
a mixture of two partially miscible liquids A and B produces two conjugate solutions: one of A in B and another of B in A
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copper-base alloy
any alloy whose principal component is copper
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dental gold
an alloy of gold used in dentistry
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dilution
a diluted solution
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Duralumin
an aluminum-based alloy
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electrolyte
a solution that conducts electricity
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eluate
a liquid solution that results from elution
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Fehling's solution
a liquid solution of copper sulfate and potassium tartrate and sodium hydroxide that is used to test for sugar in the urine; solution turns reddish when sugar is present
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formalin, formol
a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens
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gargle, mouthwash
a medicated solution used for gargling and rinsing the mouth
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extract, infusion
a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)
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injectant, injection
any solution that is injected (as into the skin)
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isosmotic solution, isotonic solution
a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood
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grout
a thin mortar that can be poured and used to fill cracks in masonry or brickwork
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Inconel
a nickel-base alloy with chromium and iron; used in gas-turbine blades
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Invar
an alloy of iron and nickel having a low coefficient of thermal expansion; used in tuning forks and measuring tapes and other instruments
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liquid bleach
a solution containing bleaching agents; used for laundry
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mash
a mixture of mashed malt grains and hot water; used in brewing
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nickel alloy, nickel-base alloy
an alloy whose main constituent is nickel
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German silver, nickel silver
a silver-white alloy containing copper and zinc and nickel
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parget, pargeting, pargetting
plaster used to coat outer walls and line chimneys
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pearlite
a lamellar mixture of cementite and ferrite formed during the cooling of austenite; a constituent of steel and cast iron
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pyrophoric alloy
an alloy that emits sparks when struck or scratched with steel; used in lighter flints
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roughcast
a coarse plaster for the surface of external walls
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sap
a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant
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shot metal
an alloy that is 98% lead and 2% arsenic; used in making small shot
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silica gel
a porous form of silica that is highly absorbent
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soup
any composition having a consistency suggestive of soup
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spackle, spackling compound
powder (containing gypsum plaster and glue) that when mixed with water forms a plastic paste used to fill cracks and holes in plaster
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sparkle metal
matte that has 74 percent copper
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primary solid solution, solid solution
a homogeneous solid that can exist over a range of component chemicals; a constituent of alloys that is formed when atoms of an element are incorporated into the crystals of a metal
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sal volatile, spirits of ammonia
a solution of ammonium carbonate in ammonia water and alcohol
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Gram's solution
a solution used in staining bacteria by Gram's method; consists of one part iodine and two parts potassium iodide and 300 parts water
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vapor, vapour
a visible suspension in the air of particles of some substance
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Stellite
a very hard alloy of cobalt and chromium with cobalt as the principal ingredient; used to make cutting tools and for surfaces subject to heavy wear
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sterling silver
a silver alloy with no more than 7.5% copper
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stucco
a plaster now made mostly from Portland cement and sand and lime; applied while soft to cover exterior walls or surfaces
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tambac, tombac, tombak
an alloy of copper and zinc (and sometimes arsenic) used to imitate gold in cheap jewelry and for gilding
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toner
a solution containing chemicals that can change the color of a photographic print
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Wood's alloy, Wood's metal
a fusible alloy that is half bismuth plus lead, tin, and cadmium; melts at about 160 degrees Fahrenheit