- Types:
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scale
relative magnitude
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proportion, ratio
the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree
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ratio
the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)
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rate
a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit
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gross margin, margin of profit, profit margin
the ratio gross profits divided by net sales
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abundance
(chemistry) the ratio of the total mass of an element in the earth's crust to the total mass of the earth's crust; expressed as a percentage or in parts per million
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abundance
(physics) the ratio of the number of atoms of a specific isotope of an element to the total number of isotopes present
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albedo, reflective power
the ratio of reflected to incident light
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aspect ratio
the ratio of the width to the height of a tv picture
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average
(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
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breadth index, cephalic index, cranial index
ratio (in percent) of the maximum breadth to the maximum length of a skull
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efficiency
the ratio of the output to the input of any system
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facial index
the ratio (in percent) of the maximum width to the maximum height of the face
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f number, focal ratio, speed, stop number
the ratio of the focal length to the diameter of a (camera) lens system
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frequency, relative frequency
the ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observations
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haematocrit, hematocrit, packed cell volume
the ratio of the volume occupied by packed red blood cells to the volume of the whole blood as measured by a hematocrit
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I.Q., IQ, intelligence quotient
a measure of a person's intelligence as indicated by an intelligence test; the ratio of a person's mental age to their chronological age (multiplied by 100)
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load factor
(aeronautics) the ratio of an external load to the weight of the aircraft (measured in g)
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loss ratio
the ratio of the annual claims paid by an insurance company to the premiums received
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Mach number
the ratio of the speed of a moving body to the speed of sound
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magnification
the ratio of the size of an image to the size of the object
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mechanical advantage
the ratio of the force exerted by a machine to the force applied to it
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fuel consumption rate, gas mileage, gasoline mileage, mileage
the ratio of the number of miles traveled to the number of gallons of gasoline burned
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betting odds, odds
the ratio by which one better's wager is greater than that of another
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magnitude, order of magnitude
a number assigned to the ratio of two quantities; two quantities are of the same order of magnitude if one is less than 10 times as large as the other; the number of magnitudes that the quantities differ is specified to within a power of 10
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output-to-input ratio
the output power of a transducer divided by the input power
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prevalence
(epidemiology) the ratio (for a given time period) of the number of occurrences of a disease or event to the number of units at risk in the population
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P/E ratio, price-to-earnings ratio
(stock market) the price of a stock divided by its earnings
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productivity
(economics) the ratio of the quantity and quality of units produced to the labor per unit of time
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proportionality
a ratio of two quantities that is constant
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quotient
the ratio of two quantities to be divided
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index of refraction, refractive index
the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to that in a medium
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relative humidity
the ratio of the amount of water in the air at a give temperature to the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature; expressed as a percentage
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respiratory quotient
the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide expired to the volume of oxygen consumed by an organism or cell in a given period of time
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factor of safety, safety factor
the ratio of the breaking stress of a structure to the estimated maximum stress in ordinary use
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S/N, signal-to-noise, signal-to-noise ratio, signal/noise, signal/noise ratio
the ratio of signal intensity to noise intensity
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stoichiometry
(chemistry) the relation between the quantities of substances that take part in a reaction or form a compound (typically a ratio of whole integers)
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time constant
the ratio of the inductance of a circuit in henries to its resistance in ohms
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employee turnover, turnover, turnover rate
the ratio of the number of workers that had to be replaced in a given time period to the average number of workers
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loading
the ratio of the gross weight of an airplane to some factor determining its lift
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eccentricity
(geometry) a ratio describing the shape of a conic section; the ratio of the distance between the foci to the length of the major axis
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acceleration
(physics) a rate of increase of velocity
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deceleration
(physics) a rate of decrease in velocity
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attrition rate, rate of attrition
the rate of shrinkage in size or number
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birth rate, birthrate, fertility, fertility rate, natality
the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year
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bits per second, bps
(computer science) the rate at which data is transferred (as by a modem)
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crime rate
the ratio of crimes in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year
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data rate
the rate at which circuits or other devices operate when handling digital information
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death rate, deathrate, fatality rate, mortality, mortality rate
the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 per year
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dose rate
the quantity of radiation absorbed per unit time
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ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, sed rate, sedimentation rate
the rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of blood under standardized conditions; a high rate usually indicates the presence of inflammation
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flow, flow rate, rate of flow
the amount of fluid that flows in a given time
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flux
the rate of flow of energy or particles across a given surface
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frequence, frequency, oftenness
the number of occurrences within a given time period
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GHz, Gc, gigacycle, gigacycle per second, gigahertz
1,000,000,000 periods per second
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growth rate, rate of growth
the rate of increase in size per unit time
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Hz, cps, cycle, cycle per second, cycles/second, hertz
the unit of frequency; one hertz has a periodic interval of one second
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inflation rate, rate of inflation
the rate of change of prices (as indicated by a price index) calculated on a monthly or annual basis
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jerk
(mechanics) the rate of change of acceleration
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kHz, kc, kilocycle, kilocycle per second, kilohertz
one thousand periods per second
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kilometers per hour, kilometres per hour, km/h, kph
the ratio of the distance traveled (in kilometers) to the time spent traveling (in hours)
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MHz, Mc, megacycle, megacycle per second, megahertz
one million periods per second
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THz, terahertz
one trillion periods per second
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metabolic rate
rate of metabolism; the amount of energy expended in a give period
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miles per hour, mph
the ratio of the distance traveled (in miles) to the time spent traveling (in hours)
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gait, pace
the rate of moving (especially walking or running)
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heart rate, pulse, pulse rate
the rate at which the heart beats; usually measured to obtain a quick evaluation of a person's health
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rate of return
the amount returned per unit of time expressed as a percentage of the cost
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rate of respiration, respiratory rate
the rate at which a person inhales and exhales; usually measured to obtain a quick evaluation of a person's health
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rev, revolutions per minute, rpm
rate of revolution of a motor
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sampling rate
(telecommunication) the frequency of sampling per unit time
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solar constant
the rate at which radiant solar energy is received at the outer layer of the earth's atmosphere
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spacing
the time between occurrences of a repeating event
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speed, velocity
distance travelled per unit time
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pace, tempo
the rate of some repeating event
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words per minute, wpm
the rate at which words are produced (as in speaking or typing)
