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Lady Diana Frances Spencer
English aristocrat who was the first wife of Prince Charles; her death in an automobile accident in Paris produced intense national mourning (1961-1997)
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Duchesse de Valentinois
French noblewoman who was the mistress of Henry II; she had more influence over him than did his wife Catherine de Medicis (1499-1566)
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Anne
Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)
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Anne Boleyn
the second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I; was executed on a charge of adultery (1507-1536)
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Duchess of Ferrara
Italian noblewoman and patron of the arts (1480-1519)
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Catherine de Medicis
queen of France as the wife of Henry II and regent during the minority of her son Charles IX (1519-1589)
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Cleopatra
beautiful and charismatic queen of Egypt; mistress of Julius Caesar and later of Mark Antony; killed herself to avoid capture by Octavian (69-30 BC)
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Eleanor of Aquitaine
queen of France as the wife of Louis VII; that marriage was annulled in 1152 and she then married Henry II and became Queen of England (1122-1204)
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Elizabeth I
Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded Mary I (who was a Catholic) and restored Protestantism to England; during her reign Mary Queen of Scots was executed and the Spanish Armada was defeated; her reign was marked by prosperity and literary genius (1533-1603)
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Elizabeth II
daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)
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Esther
(Old Testament) a beautiful Jewess chosen by the king of Persia to be his queen; she stopped a plot to massacre all the Jews in Persia (an event celebrated by Jews as the feast of Purim)
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Lady Godiva
according to legend she rode naked through Coventry in order to persuade her husband not to tax the townspeople so heavily; the only person to look at her as she rode by was a man named Tom and Peeping Tom has become a synonym for voyeur (circa 1040-1080)
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Lady Jane Grey
Queen of England for nine days in 1553; she was quickly replaced by Mary Tudor and beheaded for treason (1537-1554)
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Lady Emma Hamilton
English beauty who was the mistress of Admiral Nelson (1765-1815)
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Catherine Howard
Queen of England as the fifth wife of Henry VIII who was accused of adultery and executed (1520-1542)
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Isabella the Catholic
the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)
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Jezebel
wife of Ahab who was king of Israel; according to the Old Testament she was a cruel immoral queen who fostered the worship of Baal and tried to kill Elijah and other prophets of Israel (9th century BC)
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Lydia Kamekeha Paki Liliuokalani
queen of the Hawaiian islands (1838-1917)
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Marquise de Maintenon
French consort of Louis XIV who secretly married the king after the death of his first wife (1635-1719)
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Marie Antoinette
queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular; her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)
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Bloody Mary
daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon who was Queen of England from 1553 to 1558; she was the wife of Philip II of Spain and when she restored Roman Catholicism to England many Protestants were burned at the stake as heretics (1516-1558)
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Mary II
Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; she was the eldest daughter of James II and ruled jointly with her husband William III (1662-1694)
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Mary Queen of Scots
queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567; as a Catholic she was forced to abdicate in favor of her son and fled to England where she was imprisoned by Elizabeth I; when Catholic supporters plotted to put her on the English throne she was tried and executed for sedition (1542-1587)
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Francoise-Athenais de Rochechouart
French noblewoman who was mistress to Louis XIV until he became attracted to Madame de Maintenon (1641-1707)
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Nefertiti
queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (14th century BC)
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Catherine Parr
Queen of England as the 6th wife of Henry VIII (1512-1548)
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Jeanne Antoinette Poisson
French noblewoman who was the lover of Louis XV, whose policies she influenced (1721-1764)
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Jane Seymour
Queen of England as the third wife of Henry VIII and mother of Edward VI (1509-1537)
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Queen Victoria
queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901; the last Hanoverian ruler of England (1819-1901)