Chastise is a fancy word for telling someone something they did that was really bad. If you pick your nose, your mom's gonna yell at you. If you do it in front of the Queen of England, you mom will chastise you.
Back in the Middle Ages, chastise used to also come with a beating––that sense of the word has passed, and in fact, people tend to use chastise when they are trying to accuse someone else of overreacting. "You're chastising me for forgetting to feed the cat, but it's not like the cat died!"
