- Types:
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genotype
a group of organisms sharing a specific genetic constitution
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clade
a group of biological taxa or species that share features inherited from a common ancestor
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taxon, taxonomic category, taxonomic group
animal or plant group having natural relations
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animal group
a group of animals
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colony
a group of organisms of the same type living or growing together
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division
(biology) a group of organisms forming a subdivision of a larger category
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generation
group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent
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descendants, posterity
all of the offspring of a given progenitor
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division Archaebacteria
in some classifications considered a kingdom
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division Eubacteria
one-celled monerans having simple cells with rigid walls and (in motile types) flagella
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Cyanophyta, division Cyanophyta
prokaryotic organisms sometimes considered a class or phylum or subkingdom; coextensive with the Cyanophyceae: cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
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Schizophyta, division Schizophyta
former term for the Cyanophyta
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Heterokontophyta, division Heterokontophyta
algae having chlorophyll a and usually c, and flagella of unequal lengths; terminology supersedes Chrysophyta in some classifications
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Chrysophyta, division Chrysophyta
mostly freshwater eukaryotic algae having the chlorophyll masked by brown or yellow pigment; yellow-green and golden-brown algae and diatoms: Xanthophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae; some classification systems superseded or subsumed by Heterokontophyta
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Phaeophyta, division Phaeophyta
coextensive with class Phaeophyceae; in some classifications subsumed in the division Heterokontophyta
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Euglenophyta, division Euglenophyta
free-swimming flagellate algae
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Chlorophyta, division Chlorophyta
large division of chiefly freshwater eukaryotic algae that possess chlorophyll a and b, store food as starch, and cellulose cell walls; classes Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Charophyceae; obviously ancestral to land plants
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Rhodophyta, division Rhodophyta
lower plants; mostly marine and littoral eukaryotic algae
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Cynodontia, division Cynodontia
a division of the order Therapsida from the Triassic period comprising small carnivorous tetrapod reptiles often with mammal-like teeth
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Dicynodontia, division Dicynodontia
a division of Therapsida
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Adapid, Adapid group
extinct small mostly diurnal lower primates that fed on leaves and fruit; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; their descendents probably include the lemurs; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins
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Omomyid, Omomyid group
extinct tiny nocturnal lower primates that fed on fruit and insects; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; probably gave rise to the tarsiers; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins
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Pisces
a group of vertebrates comprising both cartilaginous and bony fishes and sometimes including the jawless vertebrates; not used technically
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kingdom
the highest taxonomic group into which organisms are grouped; one of five biological categories: Monera or Protoctista or Plantae or Fungi or Animalia
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subkingdom
(biology) a taxonomic group comprising a major division of a kingdom
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biotype
organisms sharing a specified genotype or the genotype (or peculiarities) so shared
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team
two or more draft animals that work together to pull something
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brood
the young of an animal cared for at one time
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flock
a group of birds
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flock, fold
a group of sheep or goats
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herd
a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans
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herd
a group of wild mammals of one species that remain together: antelope or elephants or seals or whales or zebra
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pack
a group of hunting animals
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pod
a group of aquatic mammals
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pride
a group of lions
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clowder
a group of cats
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school, shoal
a large group of fish
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caste
in some social insects (such as ants) a physically distinct individual or group of individuals specialized to perform certain functions in the colony
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colony
(microbiology) a group of organisms grown from a single parent cell
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warren
a colony of rabbits
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variety
(biology) a taxonomic category consisting of members of a species that differ from others of the same species in minor but heritable characteristics
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breed, stock, strain
a special variety of domesticated animals within a species
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phylum
(biology) the major taxonomic group of animals and plants; contains classes
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subphylum
(biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and a class
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superphylum
(biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and below a class or subclass
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class
(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
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subclass
(biology) a taxonomic category below a class and above an order
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superclass
(biology) a taxonomic class below a phylum and above a class
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order
(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families
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suborder
(biology) taxonomic group that is a subdivision of an order
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superorder
(biology) a taxonomic group ranking above an order and below a class or subclass
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family
(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera
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superfamily
(biology) a taxonomic group ranking below an order but above a family
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subfamily
(biology) a taxonomic category below a family
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tribe
(biology) a taxonomic category between a genus and a subfamily
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genus
(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species
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subgenus
(biology) taxonomic group between a genus and a species
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monotype
(biology) a taxonomic group with a single member (a single species or genus)
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species
(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
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race, subspecies
(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species
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form, strain, var., variant
(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups
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type
(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
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drove
a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together
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form division
an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure
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posterity
all future generations
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baby boom, baby-boom generation
the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II
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gen X, generation X
the generation following the baby boom (especially Americans and Canadians born in the 1960s and 1970s)
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litter
the offspring at one birth of a multiparous mammal
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Pteridospermae, Pteridospermaphyta, group Pteridospermae, group Pteridospermaphyta
used in some classification systems: a group of extinct fossil gymnosperms coextensive with the order Cycadofilicales
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Centrospermae, group Centrospermae
used in former classification systems; approximately synonymous with order Caryophyllales
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Amentiferae, group Amentiferae
used in some classification systems for plants that bear catkins
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Phycomycetes, Phycomycetes group
a large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems