- Examples:
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Ruth Benedict
United States anthropologist (1887-1948)
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Daniel Garrison Brinton
United States anthropologist who was the first to attempt a systematic classification of Native American languages (1837-1899)
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Pierre-Paul Broca
French anthropologist who studied the craniums and brains of different races of people; remembered for his discovery that articulate speech depends on an area of the brain now known as Broca's area (1824-1880)
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Sir James George Frazer
English social anthropologist noted for studies of primitive religion and magic (1854-1941)
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Thor Hyerdahl
Norwegian anthropologist noted for his studies of cultural diffusion (1914-2002)
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Alfred Louis Kroeber
United States anthropologist noted for his studies of culture (1876-1960)
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Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey
English paleontologist whose account of fossil discoveries in Tanzania changed theories of human evolution (1903-1972)
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Mary Douglas Leakey
English paleontologist (the wife of Louis Leakey) who discovered the Zinjanthropus skull that was 1,750,000 years old (1913-1996)
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Richard Erskine Leakey
English paleontologist (son of Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey) who continued the work of his parents; he was appointed director of a wildlife preserve in Kenya but resigned under political pressure (born in 1944)
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Claude Levi-Strauss
French cultural anthropologist who promoted structural analysis of social systems (born in 1908)
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Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski
British anthropologist (born in Poland) who introduced the technique of the participant observer (1884-1942)
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Margaret Mead
United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)
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Ashley Montagu
United States anthropologist (born in England) who popularized anthropology (1905-)
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Lewis Henry Morgan
United States anthropologist who studied the Seneca (1818-1881)
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Edward Sapir
anthropologist and linguist; studied languages of North American Indians (1884-1939)
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Howard Carter
Englishman and Egyptologist who in 1922 discovered and excavated the tomb of Tutankhamen (1873-1939)
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Jean Francois Champollion
Frenchman and Egyptologist who studied the Rosetta Stone and in 1821 became the first person to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics (1790-1832)
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Sir Arthur John Evans
British archaeologist who excavated the palace of Knossos in Crete to find what he called Minoan civilization (1851-1941)
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Kund Johan Victor Rasmussen
Danish ethnologist and Arctic explorer; led expeditions into the Arctic to find support for his theory that Eskimos and North American Indians originally migrated from Asia (1879-1933)
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Heinrich Schliemann
German archaeologist who discovered nine superimposed city sites of Troy; he also excavated Mycenae (1822-1890)
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Henry Rowe Schoolcraft
United States geologist and ethnologist and explorer who discovered the source of the Mississippi River (1793-1864)
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Homer Armstrong Thompson
United States classical archaeologist (born in Canada) noted for leading the excavation of the Athenian agora (1906-2000)
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Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler
Scottish archaeologist (1890-1976)
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Johann Joachim Winckelmann
German archaeologist and art historian said to be the father of archaeology (1717-1768)
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Sir Charles Leonard Woolley
English archaeologist who supervised the excavations at Ur (1880-1960)
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Thomas Young
British physicist and Egyptologist; he revived the wave theory of light and proposed a three-component theory of color vision; he also played an important role in deciphering the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone (1773-1829)